[
  {
    "start": 0,
    "end": 3.44,
    "text": " [MUSIC PLAYING]",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 3.44,
    "end": 6.64,
    "text": " From 5G networks to aerospace systems,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 6.64,
    "end": 11.04,
    "text": " from artificial intelligence to quantum technologies,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 11.04,
    "end": 14.16,
    "text": " from behind the scenes of innovations",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 14.16,
    "end": 17.12,
    "text": " to real-world applications.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 17.12,
    "end": 22.4,
    "text": " Welcome to Innovations Unplugged, the Rohde & Schwarz",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 22.4,
    "end": 25.92,
    "text": " Technology Podcast.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 25.92,
    "end": 29.08,
    "text": " We are going to take a journey from our everyday digital",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 29.08,
    "end": 32.44,
    "text": " landscapes to the rugged terrains of Mars.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 32.44,
    "end": 36.28,
    "text": " We'll take a deep dive into analog missions to Mars",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 36.28,
    "end": 39.52,
    "text": " conducted by the Austrian Space Forum.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 39.52,
    "end": 42.16,
    "text": " These analog missions simulate life on Mars",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 42.16,
    "end": 46.6,
    "text": " to prepare for future human exploration.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 46.6,
    "end": 48.88,
    "text": " My name is Inga Müller-Siedentop,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 48.88,
    "end": 50.16,
    "text": " and I'm your host today.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 56.16,
    "end": 59.52,
    "text": " Joining us are two esteemed guests",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 59.52,
    "end": 62.64,
    "text": " from the Austrian Space Forum.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 62.64,
    "end": 65.44,
    "text": " Among a lot of exciting things they will share with us",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 65.44,
    "end": 69.12,
    "text": " why a typical day on an analog mission",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 69.12,
    "end": 72.52,
    "text": " begins with the installation of network technology",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 72.52,
    "end": 76.8,
    "text": " from LANCOM Systems, a proud member of the Rohde",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 76.8,
    "end": 78.36,
    "text": " & Schwarz family.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 83.36,
    "end": 88.44,
    "text": " As a child, Dr. Gernot Grömer dreamt of becoming either",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 88.44,
    "end": 93.48,
    "text": " a helicopter pilot or a professional musician.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 93.48,
    "end": 98.2,
    "text": " Fast forward a few decades, he holds a doctorate in astrophysics,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 98.2,
    "end": 101.96,
    "text": " is a founding member and director of the Austrian Space",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 101.96,
    "end": 109.36,
    "text": " Forum, and calls himself the dinosaur of the analog astronauts.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 109.36,
    "end": 110.24,
    "text": " Welcome, Gernot.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 110.24,
    "end": 113.08,
    "text": " My gosh, you did a hell of a lot of research.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 113.08,
    "end": 116.52,
    "text": " I'm in between being embarrassed and proud.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 116.52,
    "end": 118.6,
    "text": " I didn't know that about you.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 118.6,
    "end": 121.8,
    "text": " We'll talk about that later.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 121.8,
    "end": 124.04,
    "text": " Brings us to our next guest.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 124.04,
    "end": 128.08,
    "text": " Her career reads like an adventure.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 128.08,
    "end": 132.92,
    "text": " Via training as a hairdresser, a degree in mathematics",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 132.92,
    "end": 138.12,
    "text": " and a doctorate in physics, Dr. Carmen Köhler finally",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 138.12,
    "end": 140.52,
    "text": " became an analog astronaut.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 140.52,
    "end": 142.56,
    "text": " Welcome, Carmen.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 142.56,
    "end": 144.04,
    "text": " Really happy to be here.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 144.04,
    "end": 145.2,
    "text": " Thank you.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 145.2,
    "end": 146.12,
    "text": " Let's get started.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 146.12,
    "end": 150.92,
    "text": " Your path into space exploration really is one of a kind.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 150.92,
    "end": 155.12,
    "text": " So after graduating from school, you became a hairdresser.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 155.12,
    "end": 157.76,
    "text": " Chit-chatting with one of your clients,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 157.76,
    "end": 160.68,
    "text": " you found the courage to study mathematics",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 160.68,
    "end": 164.6,
    "text": " and ended up getting a doctorate in physics.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 164.6,
    "end": 168,
    "text": " But this is not the end of your extraordinary story.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 168,
    "end": 172.12,
    "text": " You even became the first female analog astronaut",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 172.12,
    "end": 175.88,
    "text": " at the Austrian Space Forum's Mars simulations.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 175.88,
    "end": 179.68,
    "text": " You are an AI and data expert.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 179.68,
    "end": 182.8,
    "text": " You are the founder and CEO of a company",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 182.8,
    "end": 187.56,
    "text": " that specializes in weather and Earth observation data",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 187.56,
    "end": 189.28,
    "text": " services.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 189.28,
    "end": 192.36,
    "text": " Quick question to begin with.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 192.36,
    "end": 193.24,
    "text": " Why?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 193.24,
    "end": 195.72,
    "text": " What drives you?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 195.72,
    "end": 198.12,
    "text": " I think what drives me is curiosity,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 198.12,
    "end": 200.28,
    "text": " that I always think like, oh, why not?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 200.28,
    "end": 201.12,
    "text": " You can always try.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 201.12,
    "end": 202.68,
    "text": " And if you fail, you still learned.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 202.68,
    "end": 204.04,
    "text": " I think it's really interesting what",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 204.04,
    "end": 206.48,
    "text": " we can learn in this life that we have at the moment.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 206.48,
    "end": 209.72,
    "text": " And I was always curious about space.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 209.72,
    "end": 212.76,
    "text": " So what I really, really loved back then was a bit of media.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 212.76,
    "end": 214.72,
    "text": " I grew up without a television at first,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 214.72,
    "end": 217.72,
    "text": " but then it took over in the afternoons.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 217.72,
    "end": 221.8,
    "text": " And I really loved to watch \"Star Trek\" and \"MacGyver.\"",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 221.8,
    "end": 224.84,
    "text": " And MacGyver, for me, was a total hero.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 224.84,
    "end": 229.6,
    "text": " And he was able to fix a fighter airplane with chewing gum,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 229.6,
    "end": 230.1,
    "text": " things like that.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 230.1,
    "end": 232.24,
    "text": " And I thought it was absolutely amazing.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 232.24,
    "end": 236.56,
    "text": " And then \"Star Trek\" I really loved because of the whole universe",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 236.56,
    "end": 240.24,
    "text": " and doing the exploration there and going from planet to planet",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 240.24,
    "end": 241.92,
    "text": " and meeting different species.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 241.92,
    "end": 243.8,
    "text": " And I thought that was really interesting.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 243.8,
    "end": 247.68,
    "text": " And for me, always MacGyver on \"Star Trek\"",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 247.68,
    "end": 249.04,
    "text": " is kind of like an astronaut.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 249.04,
    "end": 251.24,
    "text": " And that's really what I wanted to be.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 251.24,
    "end": 253.96,
    "text": " And so when I finished my mathematics degree,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 253.96,
    "end": 256.08,
    "text": " I already saw that there was a position",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 256.08,
    "end": 259.68,
    "text": " open for a PhD, which was together with Lufthansa",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 259.68,
    "end": 261.88,
    "text": " and the Flight Security and the German Aerospace",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 261.88,
    "end": 263.72,
    "text": " Center and the German Weather Service.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 263.72,
    "end": 265.24,
    "text": " And that was really amazing for me.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 265.24,
    "end": 269.84,
    "text": " And it was a project about how the aviation impacts climate",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 269.84,
    "end": 274.96,
    "text": " with the contrails, not chemtrails, please.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 274.96,
    "end": 276.96,
    "text": " So I thought that was super fascinating.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 276.96,
    "end": 279.64,
    "text": " So I applied and they took me.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 279.64,
    "end": 281.92,
    "text": " And so I was working at the German Aerospace Center",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 281.92,
    "end": 284.84,
    "text": " and was working also at the German Weather Service",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 284.84,
    "end": 287.4,
    "text": " and improving the numerical weather prediction model there.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 287.4,
    "end": 289.96,
    "text": " And it's something that I really noticed that it's my passion.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 289.96,
    "end": 293.2,
    "text": " And that's also why I founded my company amongst those topics.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 293.2,
    "end": 295.24,
    "text": " I think your career is like a great point",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 295.24,
    "end": 299.72,
    "text": " for some more screen time \"Star Trek\" related.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 299.72,
    "end": 304.64,
    "text": " So analog Mars mission, analog astronauts.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 304.64,
    "end": 307.92,
    "text": " So let's shed some light on this.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 307.92,
    "end": 310.24,
    "text": " What is an analog space mission?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 310.24,
    "end": 312.4,
    "text": " Why do we need analog astronauts?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 312.4,
    "end": 315.8,
    "text": " And why is Mars such a compelling focus",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 315.8,
    "end": 318.32,
    "text": " for space exploration today?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 318.32,
    "end": 320.2,
    "text": " Gernot, do you mind?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 320.2,
    "end": 324.44,
    "text": " When we go to Mars, it is the most ambitious and probably",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 324.44,
    "end": 327.88,
    "text": " the most complex journey we've ever undertaken as humans.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 327.88,
    "end": 330.72,
    "text": " Like just for comparison, the distance of the moon,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 330.72,
    "end": 335.52,
    "text": " where we went in the '60s and '70s, is like 380,000 kilometers.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 335.52,
    "end": 338.4,
    "text": " Mars can be a way like a 380 million kilometers.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 338.4,
    "end": 340.24,
    "text": " That's about the factor of 1,000.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 340.24,
    "end": 344.36,
    "text": " That means that given all the complexities for such a mission,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 344.36,
    "end": 348.56,
    "text": " there's probably around 1,000 ways how to die on Mars.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 348.56,
    "end": 353.32,
    "text": " And with this research, we maybe can figure out 800 of those.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 353.32,
    "end": 357.64,
    "text": " So we are there to mimic the challenges and opportunities,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 357.64,
    "end": 360.52,
    "text": " the strategies, the workflows, decision-making trees,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 360.52,
    "end": 362.76,
    "text": " technologies, materials, and so on,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 362.76,
    "end": 368.84,
    "text": " including the human factor, to see how you can conduct research",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 368.84,
    "end": 369.8,
    "text": " on Mars.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 369.8,
    "end": 373.24,
    "text": " So what we're doing is we're going to Mars-like locations",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 373.24,
    "end": 376.4,
    "text": " on Earth, like Oman, like the North of Sahara,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 376.4,
    "end": 380.04,
    "text": " like Israel, like the Caucasus, like last year.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 380.04,
    "end": 383.52,
    "text": " And we're deploying there a crew of very carefully selected",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 383.52,
    "end": 386.24,
    "text": " analog astronauts, typically six individuals,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 386.24,
    "end": 388.92,
    "text": " highly trained, very carefully selected.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 388.92,
    "end": 391.76,
    "text": " They go there as the flight crew on the quotation marks.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 391.76,
    "end": 394.48,
    "text": " For typically two to four weeks, experiments",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 394.48,
    "end": 398.48,
    "text": " pertinent to geoscience, robotics, human factors,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 398.48,
    "end": 402.36,
    "text": " and the supervision of a mission supporter back here on Earth.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 402.36,
    "end": 403.76,
    "text": " And that is in Vienna.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 403.76,
    "end": 406.52,
    "text": " Living in these Mars-like environments",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 406.52,
    "end": 408.88,
    "text": " must present unique challenges.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 408.88,
    "end": 412.56,
    "text": " Carmen, could you take us with you",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 412.56,
    "end": 416.56,
    "text": " on a typical day of an analog mission?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 416.56,
    "end": 420.44,
    "text": " So one typical day on Mars, for example, in Armenia last year,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 420.44,
    "end": 422.2,
    "text": " is that we wake up at around 7 o'clock.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 422.2,
    "end": 423.4,
    "text": " We have breakfast.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 423.4,
    "end": 426.12,
    "text": " And then we have the first meeting, the briefing,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 426.12,
    "end": 428.64,
    "text": " where we get a daily activity plan and really discuss",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 428.64,
    "end": 430.32,
    "text": " what we'll do during the day.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 430.32,
    "end": 433.08,
    "text": " So we always have two space simulators.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 433.08,
    "end": 435.16,
    "text": " And those two people are in this space suit",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 435.16,
    "end": 438.48,
    "text": " similar to that day, and conduct different experiments.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 438.48,
    "end": 441.08,
    "text": " So the interesting part is then that everybody",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 441.08,
    "end": 443.28,
    "text": " says hands-on, because we're six analog astronauts.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 443.28,
    "end": 446.32,
    "text": " So you really have all hands-on during the dawning,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 446.32,
    "end": 447.64,
    "text": " so putting on the suit.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 447.64,
    "end": 449.28,
    "text": " And that takes two hours.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 449.28,
    "end": 451.68,
    "text": " So we have three different layers of the space suit simulator.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 451.68,
    "end": 453.96,
    "text": " And everything has to be perfectly in place.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 453.96,
    "end": 455.92,
    "text": " The communication has to be in place.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 455.92,
    "end": 458.72,
    "text": " Everything is tested beforehand, because as soon as we go out,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 458.72,
    "end": 460.4,
    "text": " it's life-threatening.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 460.4,
    "end": 462.84,
    "text": " And then basically the experiments",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 462.84,
    "end": 465.64,
    "text": " that are being conducted are sometimes also farther away.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 465.64,
    "end": 470.52,
    "text": " And that's why we also need the good network to be set up.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 470.52,
    "end": 472.16,
    "text": " And then normally, it's four hours",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 472.16,
    "end": 474.12,
    "text": " that you're outside conducting the experiments.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 474.12,
    "end": 476.16,
    "text": " And then you come back, and then you",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 476.16,
    "end": 479.04,
    "text": " have the dawning that you take off the space suit simulator.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 479.04,
    "end": 480.44,
    "text": " And then we have a debriefing.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 480.44,
    "end": 481.96,
    "text": " We have to watch over the experiments",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 481.96,
    "end": 483.68,
    "text": " that everything is put in place.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 483.68,
    "end": 486.08,
    "text": " And also there, we have different things to do.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 486.08,
    "end": 487.6,
    "text": " We have a lot for human factors, also",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 487.6,
    "end": 489.24,
    "text": " where we have a lot of questionnaires.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 489.24,
    "end": 492.84,
    "text": " Also, if we took for geological samples of that,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 492.84,
    "end": 495.48,
    "text": " it has to be documented, all of the data is then sent also",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 495.48,
    "end": 498.36,
    "text": " to Earth, of course, securely.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 498.36,
    "end": 502.36,
    "text": " And then we have dinner, and also then debriefing.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 502.36,
    "end": 504.72,
    "text": " And most of the time, we then prepare for the next days",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 504.72,
    "end": 506.24,
    "text": " or see what's open still.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 506.24,
    "end": 508.04,
    "text": " That's a typical day on Mars.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 508.04,
    "end": 511.64,
    "text": " Do you remember the first time you were packed in the suit?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 511.64,
    "end": 513.2,
    "text": " Oh, I absolutely remember that.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 513.2,
    "end": 516.36,
    "text": " There was a test version where we were at the Austrian Space",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 516.36,
    "end": 519.6,
    "text": " Forum, was during the training.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 519.6,
    "end": 523.48,
    "text": " And so we put it on, and it weighs around 50 kilos.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 523.48,
    "end": 526.16,
    "text": " And I knew that theoretically, but theory and practice",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 526.16,
    "end": 527.76,
    "text": " is always something different.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 527.76,
    "end": 530.96,
    "text": " And then I put it on, and I was like, ah, OK,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 530.96,
    "end": 531.96,
    "text": " I need to go to the gym.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 531.96,
    "end": 539,
    "text": " When we picture you as analog astronauts",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 539,
    "end": 541.56,
    "text": " trekking through the deserts of the world",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 541.56,
    "end": 544.96,
    "text": " or hiking on glaciers for several weeks,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 544.96,
    "end": 546.8,
    "text": " you're packed from head to toe.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 546.8,
    "end": 550.84,
    "text": " Everyone is in their space suits with huge helmets",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 550.84,
    "end": 555.04,
    "text": " on their heads and backpacks loaded with high-tech gear.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 555.04,
    "end": 558.56,
    "text": " Gannard, in everyday life when we want to communicate,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 558.56,
    "end": 561.24,
    "text": " we just reach for our mobile devices.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 561.24,
    "end": 566.12,
    "text": " I guess on Mars and probably in a very terrestrial desert,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 566.12,
    "end": 568.08,
    "text": " mobile communication is not a given.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 568.08,
    "end": 571.72,
    "text": " So how did you solve the problem of communication",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 571.72,
    "end": 573.68,
    "text": " and connectivity in the field?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 573.68,
    "end": 577.2,
    "text": " I assume this has to do something with Lancome.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 577.2,
    "end": 579,
    "text": " Yes.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 579,
    "end": 580.6,
    "text": " There are several aspects of this.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 580.6,
    "end": 583.96,
    "text": " Communication is not a given, but it's a necessity.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 583.96,
    "end": 586.72,
    "text": " It's vital to us.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 586.72,
    "end": 589.44,
    "text": " One of the many things that are really dangerous in the space",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 589.44,
    "end": 591.72,
    "text": " slide is not knowing what's going on.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 591.72,
    "end": 595.32,
    "text": " So communication is as vital as oxygen to us.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 595.32,
    "end": 598.96,
    "text": " We know that if we are dropping communication",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 598.96,
    "end": 601.8,
    "text": " between Earth and Mars, the Mars crew",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 601.8,
    "end": 605.84,
    "text": " would be in a safe position for maybe a couple of hours or so.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 605.84,
    "end": 608.04,
    "text": " And then things started disintegrate at a point.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 608.04,
    "end": 608.84,
    "text": " There's a problem.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 608.84,
    "end": 609.6,
    "text": " They're on their own.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 609.6,
    "end": 611.76,
    "text": " Nobody can help them.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 611.76,
    "end": 615.76,
    "text": " So that applies to the habitats, the crews outside,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 615.76,
    "end": 617.24,
    "text": " the communication to Earth.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 617.24,
    "end": 622.2,
    "text": " So we need a super robust solution",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 622.2,
    "end": 624.8,
    "text": " that helps us to maintain communication.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 624.8,
    "end": 627.12,
    "text": " I think one crucial part is also that we were talking",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 627.12,
    "end": 628.96,
    "text": " about the Mission Support Center a lot of times now",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 628.96,
    "end": 630.4,
    "text": " and also about the world's biggest analog.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 630.4,
    "end": 633.44,
    "text": " I think one important thing and also what the communication is",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 633.44,
    "end": 636.2,
    "text": " that we have the communication on Mars in real time,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 636.2,
    "end": 638.64,
    "text": " but the communication to Earth is not in real time.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 638.64,
    "end": 641.16,
    "text": " And I think that is a huge part that is also",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 641.16,
    "end": 645.16,
    "text": " worth pointing out here because you have a lack--",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 645.16,
    "end": 647.76,
    "text": " you have a time delay when you have the communication.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 647.76,
    "end": 649.84,
    "text": " So that's why also the communication totally",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 649.84,
    "end": 653.92,
    "text": " changes then between Earth and Mars, or simulated Mars.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 653.92,
    "end": 656.92,
    "text": " Because we simulate a time delay of about 10 minutes",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 656.92,
    "end": 658.6,
    "text": " in each direction.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 658.6,
    "end": 662.32,
    "text": " And normally it's around between four or 24 minutes",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 662.32,
    "end": 665.04,
    "text": " in one direction so that can add up until 50 minutes.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 665.61,
    "end": 670.09,
    "text": " to take the average of 10 minutes within the mission. And so that changes a lot of the things,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 670.09,
    "end": 674.89,
    "text": " which is also what I think really important to think about that with the communication,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 674.89,
    "end": 678.97,
    "text": " which is why it's not the mission control center. Like with Houston, we've got a problem,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 678.97,
    "end": 684.57,
    "text": " but when we say Vienna, we have a problem with the mission support center, then they hear it",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 684.57,
    "end": 690.57,
    "text": " 10 minutes later. And the important thing, and this was one of the reasons why we had this",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 690.57,
    "end": 696.57,
    "text": " longstanding conversations and cooperation with Lancom was you put it in, you plug it in,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 696.57,
    "end": 701.29,
    "text": " you power it up, and the thing works. And these are my favorite tools where I don't have to think",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 701.29,
    "end": 707.69,
    "text": " a lot. I've got a number of other things to be concerned with. It's not the communication. Lancom",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 707.69,
    "end": 715.85,
    "text": " is part of the critical infrastructure, bluntly speaking. And that's a sticker you don't get",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 715.85,
    "end": 721.61,
    "text": " so easily from Austrian Space Forum. We only allow things that are critical core systems when we've",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 721.61,
    "end": 727.93,
    "text": " fully trust them. Let's dive deeper into what what we are offering as a as a company. So to",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 727.93,
    "end": 734.33,
    "text": " maintain our high quality standards, flexibility and reliability, Rode and Schwarz covers a",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 734.33,
    "end": 741.21,
    "text": " significant share of the value chain in-house. Most of our products are developed in Germany,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 741.21,
    "end": 748.09,
    "text": " Lancom systems and other subsidiaries in Germany and Europe complement the group's",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 748.09,
    "end": 755.85,
    "text": " solution portfolio. Gennert, having this in mind, how important is it for a European based",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 755.85,
    "end": 764.49,
    "text": " analog mission like the ones of the Austrian Space Forum to rely on technology engineered in Europe?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 765.61,
    "end": 772.49,
    "text": " It is about making sure what do we have and where do we have dependencies.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 772.49,
    "end": 778.49,
    "text": " And this is a topic that is as a director of the Austrian Space Forum. And speaking with my",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 778.49,
    "end": 783.21,
    "text": " personal opinion, this is not necessarily the opinion of the organization I represent,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 783.21,
    "end": 793.13,
    "text": " is that a European autonomy and sovereignty is not a luxury. And so having supply chains that",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 793.13,
    "end": 799.29,
    "text": " are as independent as possible that are resilient, that are technically at the edge of what can be",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 799.29,
    "end": 805.93,
    "text": " done are extremely important. So on a broader scale, thinking globally, how do you think the",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 805.93,
    "end": 812.57,
    "text": " relationship between European companies like Rode and Schwarz and national space agencies",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 812.57,
    "end": 821.45,
    "text": " around the world contributes to this? Well, the work we're doing in the space field is always",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 821.45,
    "end": 828.01,
    "text": " at the edge of what's technically possible. So some of the solutions we developed for going to",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 828.01,
    "end": 834.41,
    "text": " Mars or staying in orbit and having their resilient satellite network might not be 100%",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 834.41,
    "end": 840.73,
    "text": " necessary in everything we do on the ground. But it is the frontier where because of the harsh",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 840.73,
    "end": 848.33,
    "text": " conditions that the edge of being doable is an innovation driver. So there is both a lot of",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 848.33,
    "end": 852.97,
    "text": " spin outs, spin offs, where we have technologies developed for for space that are used here on",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 852.97,
    "end": 860.09,
    "text": " Earth, spin ins that go the other way. We have one of the most important innovation drivers",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 860.09,
    "end": 869.29,
    "text": " every day in front of our faces. And that's necessity. The necessity to be resilient, to be",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 870.57,
    "end": 878.89,
    "text": " top of the game, to be robust. A value we both share with Lancome and the Australian Space Forum.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 878.89,
    "end": 884.97,
    "text": " As a personal background story to this, we've been asked maybe a few times before,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 884.97,
    "end": 891.05,
    "text": " oh, why did we choose Lancome? There are other providers that maybe the brands are maybe more",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 891.05,
    "end": 899.53,
    "text": " well known because they're bigger players, whatever. And we said, well, it might be that the",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 899.53,
    "end": 905.61,
    "text": " router from the other company might do the same job. But it's also about the culture of the company,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 905.61,
    "end": 912.81,
    "text": " the flexibility, this innovation driven mindset. This is a partnership that goes beyond a brand.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 912.81,
    "end": 915.13,
    "text": " And that's as always, it's always about the people.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 915.13,
    "end": 924.89,
    "text": " So Carmen, you also worked with with the technology, with the network setup, giving",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 925.61,
    "end": 932.65,
    "text": " these surroundings, these settings, the conditions for network technology in a Mars simulation must",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 932.65,
    "end": 939.53,
    "text": " be really unusually harsh compared to a standard office environment for a Wi-Fi connection,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 939.53,
    "end": 944.57,
    "text": " as we know it. What do we have to imagine? Which situation left the greatest impression on you",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 944.57,
    "end": 949.85,
    "text": " thinking about the weather conditions or circumstances surrounding their technology?",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 949.85,
    "end": 956.25,
    "text": " The Mars-like regions on Earth are per definition extreme environments. So we will meet extreme",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 956.25,
    "end": 962.09,
    "text": " conditions. And I have one situation in mind in Oman, for example, where we had a sandstorm.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 962.09,
    "end": 966.01,
    "text": " And then we have to totally cover up. That was the point where we were still allowed to exit the",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 966.01,
    "end": 971.69,
    "text": " habitat without the space simulator. And so we had to totally cover up. We had to ski goggles,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 971.69,
    "end": 975.69,
    "text": " like we were going against the sandstorm. And then we had to make sure, of course, with the antennas",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 975.69,
    "end": 980.65,
    "text": " that everything is fine. And those situations, you really keep in mind. We had to really make",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 980.65,
    "end": 984.65,
    "text": " sure that everything is fine. And in general, when we knew that there was a lot of wind,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 984.65,
    "end": 989.77,
    "text": " that we had to kind of see that the technology is safe, not only the humans, but also technology",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 989.77,
    "end": 996.01,
    "text": " is absolutely crucial. We want to survive with that on Mars, right? The camels in Morocco were",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 996.01,
    "end": 1001.69,
    "text": " finding out quite quickly that the heating element of the Lanka routers is quite warm. And if it's",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1001.69,
    "end": 1006.33,
    "text": " in February, it's very cold. So they started to rub their shoulders on the routers. And although",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1006.33,
    "end": 1011.45,
    "text": " we had pinned them down, they were able to top them over. So we had to station somebody from our",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1011.45,
    "end": 1017.21,
    "text": " American partners to guard the routers during the night when it was a bit of cold and shiny.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1017.21,
    "end": 1029.21,
    "text": " The Austrian Space Forum specializes in Mars missions, in analog Mars missions. But there's",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1029.21,
    "end": 1034.81,
    "text": " something even bigger coming up this year. Oh, yeah. We've been doing this for 20 years now.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1034.81,
    "end": 1039.69,
    "text": " And just to give you a sense of the scale here, when we go to a desert, we have typically people",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1039.69,
    "end": 1045.37,
    "text": " from like 25 nations, more than 200 researchers, medical doctors, engineers, psychologists, and",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1045.37,
    "end": 1051.53,
    "text": " so on. So these are pretty big projects already. But we say we can go one step beyond that. And",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1051.53,
    "end": 1058.09,
    "text": " there is a project called the world's biggest analog. And I know it's kind of a weird name,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1058.09,
    "end": 1063.77,
    "text": " but it really hits it on the spot. Because it means that when we are looking globally,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1063.77,
    "end": 1070.17,
    "text": " there are other groups that are operating habitats for lunar exploration, Mars exploration,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1070.17,
    "end": 1077.45,
    "text": " spacecraft and transit, for instance. So we are teaming up with habitats across the world,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1077.45,
    "end": 1085.05,
    "text": " from Brazil to Portugal, from the Caucasus to India, from Kenya to Oman, from Poland to wherever.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1085.61,
    "end": 1090.33,
    "text": " And we say, what about a future where we're not talking about the first human robotic",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1090.33,
    "end": 1097.21,
    "text": " mission to Mars anymore? But what if we project the future, like 20 years afterwards, when we have",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1097.21,
    "end": 1102.57,
    "text": " like half a dozen of stations on the moon, half a dozen of stations on Mars, a spacecraft and transit,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1102.57,
    "end": 1110.25,
    "text": " this is going to be a huge operational challenge. If you just think of how many people you need to",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1110.25,
    "end": 1114.17,
    "text": " devise the flight plan for an astronaut on the International International Space Station.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1114.17,
    "end": 1120.09,
    "text": " And now we're talking about like, what 70 100 astronauts or so. And we we are having the",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1120.09,
    "end": 1125.13,
    "text": " mission coordination center, as we call it in Vienna, which is at the center of the eye of the",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1125.13,
    "end": 1133.45,
    "text": " storm. That means we're trying to figure out what is the best, you know, schedules, managing science",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1133.45,
    "end": 1141.37,
    "text": " data, looking into weather predictions, a lot of services we provide here. So we'll be mentally",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1141.37,
    "end": 1147.77,
    "text": " on at least two planetary bodies at the same time, having to jump mentally from one station",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1147.77,
    "end": 1153.93,
    "text": " to the other in, you know, four continents, a half a dozen time zones, and still have",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1153.93,
    "end": 1159.45,
    "text": " situation awareness. I can promise you what's going to happen in October, second half of October,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1159.45,
    "end": 1166.73,
    "text": " it's going to be a mess. But it's going to be a necessary mess. Because we need to figure out",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1166.73,
    "end": 1172.01,
    "text": " where are the strengths of our plannings, where are the weaknesses. And that's exactly what we do",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1172.01,
    "end": 1178.33,
    "text": " as the austrian spaceform. We have this development mantra of fail fast, fail cheap, but have a",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1178.33,
    "end": 1182.81,
    "text": " steep learning curve. And that's exactly what we're going to practice to the biggest extent",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1182.81,
    "end": 1190.17,
    "text": " we can imagine. I'm both excited and scared and anxious. But also, I see there's so much potential",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1190.17,
    "end": 1195.29,
    "text": " in these type of missions that October is going to be a blast. Great. Thank you for sharing.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1196.89,
    "end": 1204.57,
    "text": " We're coming to an end. But I do have two last questions, quick question, quick answer kind of",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1204.57,
    "end": 1213.69,
    "text": " thing. Gennot, when will humans step their foot onto Mars? Our current projections say within the",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1213.69,
    "end": 1219.29,
    "text": " next 20 to 30 years, which means if we assume the person who will walk on Mars will be around, let's",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1219.29,
    "end": 1225.21,
    "text": " say 40 years more of the experience side or so, it actually means that the very first humans to be",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1225.21,
    "end": 1231.13,
    "text": " walking on Mars are already born or just attending an elementary school in Beijing, a high school in",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1231.13,
    "end": 1239.13,
    "text": " New York, who knows. So the very crew for this most ambitious journey, the most complex endeavor",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1239.13,
    "end": 1246.25,
    "text": " we've ever undertaken in society, this crew exists already. They just don't know it yet.",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1246.25,
    "end": 1253.13,
    "text": " Carmen, you are not the one who's graduating from school right now. But what is your expectation",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1253.13,
    "end": 1257.29,
    "text": " talking about flying to Mars? Is that something that's still in your mind? I wouldn't call it an",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1257.29,
    "end": 1262.89,
    "text": " expectation. It's more a dream. And I definitely dream about going to space. I would love to go",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1262.89,
    "end": 1267.61,
    "text": " on another planetary body. If it's not Mars, I would love to go to the Moon, especially because",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1267.61,
    "end": 1271.93,
    "text": " I love Earth so much in the atmosphere as well. And I would love to see the Earth from the Moon",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1271.93,
    "end": 1277.05,
    "text": " because we have to think about when we travel to Mars, we only see the Earth like we see Mars from",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1277.05,
    "end": 1284.57,
    "text": " here, right? So from here, Mars is a small red dot. And so when we're on Mars, Earth is a pale",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1284.57,
    "end": 1293.05,
    "text": " blue dot. It's also a book, which is very good. But so my dream is still going to space to the",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1293.05,
    "end": 1298.49,
    "text": " Moon or to Mars. Yes. Fascinating to see how technology and in this case technology engineered",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1298.49,
    "end": 1304.89,
    "text": " in Europe is already paving the way for future space explorations. Thank you, Carmen. Thank you,",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1304.89,
    "end": 1311.05,
    "text": " Gernot, for being with us and sharing your insights. A pleasure. Thank you, Inge. And thanks to our",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1311.05,
    "end": 1317.13,
    "text": " listeners for tuning into this episode. If you enjoyed it, leave us a like and join us next time",
    "speaker_id": null
  },
  {
    "start": 1317.13,
    "end": 1330.89,
    "text": " as we continue to explore technologies shaping our world and even beyond as we learned today.",
    "speaker_id": null
  }
]