[
  {
    "start": 1.42,
    "end": 6.38,
    "text": "How do citizen science projects build community and drive new areas of research?"
  },
  {
    "start": 7.6,
    "end": 15.36,
    "text": "What roles do metabolites play at the interface of microbiome hosts, And what is a healthy vaginal microbiome made off."
  },
  {
    "start": 16.58,
    "end": 21.919,
    "text": "These are just few questions we answer in this episode of The Metabolomist with my guest Caroline Drico."
  },
  {
    "start": 28.099,
    "end": 35.82,
    "text": "Welcome to season five of the Metabolomics podcast where will dive into communities that are transformed by metabolomics."
  },
  {
    "start": 36.839,
    "end": 46.699,
    "text": "I am your host, Alice Limonciel and this year i will engage with scientists who not only use Metabolomics but who leverage it for the greater good."
  },
  {
    "start": 47.96,
    "end": 57.68,
    "text": "People that know that Metabolomix is a tool that holds the promise of transforming our society But also understand to deliver on that promise."
  },
  {
    "start": 58.18,
    "end": 60.9,
    "text": "Metabolomex needs be part something greater."
  },
  {
    "start": 61.9,
    "end": 70.06,
    "text": "projects, networks infrastructures they all form around a common goal and make use of the best tools at their disposal."
  },
  {
    "start": 70.98,
    "end": 73.7,
    "text": "So this year in the podcast I talked to passionate"
  },
  {
    "start": 73.76,
    "end": 74.08,
    "text": "people"
  },
  {
    "start": 74.6,
    "end": 80.34,
    "text": "who build communities through any strategy from grassroot movements to decades of networking."
  },
  {
    "start": 81.28,
    "end": 88.18,
    "text": "join me to discover the creations of these community builders And how Metabolomics is helping them advance their mission."
  },
  {
    "start": 91.94,
    "end": 93.24,
    "text": "Welcome to the Metabolomist."
  },
  {
    "start": 93.38,
    "end": 95.86,
    "text": "Today I am joined by Caroline Dricot, welcome!"
  },
  {
    "start": 96.44,
    "end": 97.96,
    "text": "Hi Alice thanks for having me."
  },
  {
    "start": 98.68,
    "end": 99.6,
    "text": "Thank you for being here."
  },
  {
    "start": 100.28,
    "end": 108.4,
    "text": "Caroline You work at The University of Antwerp on a super exciting project that is one of the reasons why i invited you For this episode."
  },
  {
    "start": 109.0,
    "end": 113.52,
    "text": "but first I would like To talk A little bit about you and your career so far."
  },
  {
    "start": 113.62,
    "end": 114.94,
    "text": "So can you tell us a Little bit."
  },
  {
    "start": 115.1,
    "end": 116.24,
    "text": "what's Your expertise?"
  },
  {
    "start": 117.28,
    "end": 120.16,
    "text": "Yes sure ,I Would say Im still very early in my Career."
  },
  {
    "start": 120.4,
    "end": 126.9,
    "text": "only last month I successfully defended my PhD, so for me it feels like i'm just getting started."
  },
  {
    "start": 127.46,
    "end": 131.019,
    "text": "However My studies were already ten years ago."
  },
  {
    "start": 131.28,
    "end": 139.04,
    "text": "So I studied bioscience engineering with a specialization in cellular and genetic engineering And I focused on molecular biology."
  },
  {
    "start": 139.66,
    "end": 156.019,
    "text": "So was really interested In everything that came down to A few single reactions That could possibly lead To a physiological effect Making our inventing of the twice living or not with a specific rationality that could solve disease."
  },
  {
    "start": 156.66,
    "end": 171.82,
    "text": "So all my studies were actually in Belgium, I already did my bachelor and master thesis at my current lab so that I'm professor Saturday in Antwerp And I knew very early on but i wanted to do a PhD But didn't know it was going to be in the vaginal microbiome field."
  },
  {
    "start": 172.239,
    "end": 176.38,
    "text": "however stayed at the lab because it was, that science is very nice."
  },
  {
    "start": 176.459,
    "end": 181.94,
    "text": "The working environment was nice and also of course a societal impact off to work."
  },
  {
    "start": 182.5,
    "end": 185.5,
    "text": "The female empowering the taboo breaking part."
  },
  {
    "start": 186.04,
    "end": 192.94,
    "text": "so I applied for governmental feeling like a personal grant for the FWO and I got it luckily."
  },
  {
    "start": 193.579,
    "end": 206.44,
    "text": "And then my PhD started, was about vitamin B-II in the vagina more specifically when its being produced by the microbiota especially the delectobacillus and how it's involved in the causal immunology."
  },
  {
    "start": 207.48,
    "end": 222.179,
    "text": "Then during my PhD i forced myself to be like a sponge to observe as many different technologies as I would need to answer my research questions and that's how i also ended up doing Metabolomics at EMBL, the group of Michael Zimmerman."
  },
  {
    "start": 222.959,
    "end": 223.239,
    "text": "So yeah!"
  },
  {
    "start": 223.48,
    "end": 229.519,
    "text": "And now I'm a junior postdoc and I am trying to find my place again."
  },
  {
    "start": 230.64,
    "end": 230.98,
    "text": "Thank you."
  },
  {
    "start": 231.799,
    "end": 236.82,
    "text": "it is really interesting when you start working in a team at very junior position."
  },
  {
    "start": 239.34,
    "end": 248.04,
    "text": "I could see also, I contacted your PI asking her to be on the podcast and she immediately said Anna or Caroline should do it."
  },
  {
    "start": 248.16,
    "end": 248.66,
    "text": "She's great!"
  },
  {
    "start": 249.299,
    "end": 252.22,
    "text": "And she really supported you to be in the podcast."
  },
  {
    "start": 252.28,
    "end": 255.78,
    "text": "so i think that seems like a very nurturing environment."
  },
  {
    "start": 260.08,
    "end": 263.78,
    "text": "In the second half of this episode, we will talk about these other projects more specifically."
  },
  {
    "start": 264.38,
    "end": 277.04,
    "text": "But I think for me what came out from that project is it's a citizen science project but seems really driven by being useful to society and population."
  },
  {
    "start": 278.8,
    "end": 293.56,
    "text": "Not everyone gets to do a PhD in positive environments on something which has been very inspirational about the vaginal microbiome because, and I'm guilty of this too like most people when they say microbiome."
  },
  {
    "start": 293.6,
    "end": 294.68,
    "text": "They think gut microbiome?"
  },
  {
    "start": 295.4,
    "end": 297.46,
    "text": "What's special about the vagina microbiome?"
  },
  {
    "start": 297.52,
    "end": 298.88,
    "text": "what do you think people should know?"
  },
  {
    "start": 299.38,
    "end": 304.0,
    "text": "first of all the vagina microbiome is has been neglected for a long time."
  },
  {
    "start": 304.22,
    "end": 312.1,
    "text": "let's see um and that's mainly because it's It has very low alpha diversity so very little uh species diversity."
  },
  {
    "start": 312.7,
    "end": 316.76,
    "text": "And overall we say The lower the diversity, the better."
  },
  {
    "start": 317.24,
    "end": 323.44,
    "text": "because the most healthy and optimal vaginal microbiome composition is when there are a lot of lactobacilli."
  },
  {
    "start": 323.94,
    "end": 326.02,
    "text": "And these are especially lactobasillus crospatus."
  },
  {
    "start": 326.42,
    "end": 328.98,
    "text": "Gensennii, gastri or innards."
  },
  {
    "start": 329.06,
    "end": 331.58,
    "text": "but they're also more diverse."
  },
  {
    "start": 332.06,
    "end": 339.76,
    "text": "Vaginal microbiomes and it's especially this crospata that has for long time be associated with health."
  },
  {
    "start": 340.24,
    "end": 341.64,
    "text": "going to oversimplify."
  },
  {
    "start": 342.68,
    "end": 347.7,
    "text": "You see that the more lactobacillus responding, is there a lower risk at genital infections?"
  },
  {
    "start": 347.94,
    "end": 352.76,
    "text": "At first pregnancy outcomes but also fertility issues and so on."
  },
  {
    "start": 353.9,
    "end": 357.56,
    "text": "So yeah... That's like a major thing you need to understand."
  },
  {
    "start": 358.38,
    "end": 361.36,
    "text": "The more lacto-bacilli the less diverse the better you say."
  },
  {
    "start": 362.1,
    "end": 367.3,
    "text": "Can you tell us from sampling to analysis what's similar or different?"
  },
  {
    "start": 367.8,
    "end": 375.0,
    "text": "I don't have a lot of experience with Stool samples myself, so for me it's difficult to say what is different."
  },
  {
    "start": 376.0,
    "end": 384.12,
    "text": "You'll get a lot more DNA when you take a vaginal swab and that's something to consider but also in the Stool sample"
  },
  {
    "start": 385.34,
    "end": 391.62,
    "text": "The paper we're going to discuss, it's a pre-print because I was too excited for Isala finally have metabolomics."
  },
  {
    "start": 395.12,
    "end": 399.84,
    "text": "But you mentioned your first experience with metabolomics?"
  },
  {
    "start": 402.6,
    "end": 404.62,
    "text": "First of all, I really love my stay there."
  },
  {
    "start": 405.08,
    "end": 406.76,
    "text": "The EMBL is wonderful."
  },
  {
    "start": 406.84,
    "end": 409.04,
    "text": "the team of Michael Zimmerman it's very warm."
  },
  {
    "start": 409.14,
    "end": 410.62,
    "text": "they're really welcome to do so."
  },
  {
    "start": 410.92,
    "end": 415.1,
    "text": "i have really positive experiences and memories about that time."
  },
  {
    "start": 416.02,
    "end": 432.16,
    "text": "what i do think about metabolomics is that its way more difficult uh in complex to understand than just genomics or transcriptomics especially when you do enter because of a lot makes you have molecular features but things you still have to do."
  },
  {
    "start": 432.4,
    "end": 435.64,
    "text": "You're talking about something, but you don't actually know what it"
  },
  {
    "start": 435.72,
    "end": 435.82,
    "text": "is.\"."
  },
  {
    "start": 436.34,
    "end": 440.1,
    "text": "So for me that was very difficult to start working with it."
  },
  {
    "start": 440.76,
    "end": 453.86,
    "text": "however I mainly worked there with Denisa Legato and she really like explained everything by heart took me through the steps from putting it on a machine two analyzing into data quality and so one interpretation."
  },
  {
    "start": 454.58,
    "end": 455.66,
    "text": "That's nice yeah?"
  },
  {
    "start": 455.7,
    "end": 460.58,
    "text": "Yeah i think its great also too And I think you need it to discover metabolomics."
  },
  {
    "start": 462.96,
    "end": 475.6,
    "text": "You can have someone do the measurement, but you need someone who explains how to make sense of its... So this is ... The original purpose of these podcasts like the very first season was to ask people How did they do their interpretation?"
  },
  {
    "start": 475.7,
    "end": 478.42,
    "text": "Because usually there's a big bottleneck for people."
  },
  {
    "start": 479.14,
    "end": 482.78,
    "text": "so i'm happy that we had experienced people who could support us with this."
  },
  {
    "start": 482.88,
    "end": 486.7,
    "text": "But I guess you had to do a lot of digging yourself once your data."
  },
  {
    "start": 488.9,
    "end": 493.74,
    "text": "Of course, I had my own PhD which was very focused about rabble-flaving and rabble flaving intermediate."
  },
  {
    "start": 493.94,
    "end": 500.92,
    "text": "And of course every person in our lab is also an ambassador for ZALA."
  },
  {
    "start": 501.04,
    "end": 504.66,
    "text": "so we contribute to the original project let's say."
  },
  {
    "start": 505.14,
    "end": 512.52,
    "text": "So there are different questions like Is there a core metabolone for vagina?"
  },
  {
    "start": 512.7,
    "end": 521.36,
    "text": "These things they're not really known yet like the field, so it felt very like pioneering as well but also very hard then of course."
  },
  {
    "start": 521.699,
    "end": 522.439,
    "text": "But yeah I think we're."
  },
  {
    "start": 523.079,
    "end": 539.76,
    "text": "one of the biggest problems i feel with metabolomics is still that quantification step because normally you take a swab but your actually never sure how much of a bio sample or bio food do have especially doing citizen science when people takes samples at home and they put in a buffer directly."
  },
  {
    "start": 542.64,
    "end": 546.339,
    "text": "So still there we're looking for ways to tackle this."
  },
  {
    "start": 546.939,
    "end": 548.18,
    "text": "There's no known metabolites."
  },
  {
    "start": 548.219,
    "end": 554.26,
    "text": "you can normalize too, like this is done in Urine but usually the only matrix where it has been done?"
  },
  {
    "start": 554.48,
    "end": 554.64,
    "text": "Yeah"
  },
  {
    "start": 554.699,
    "end": 557.06,
    "text": "that somethings don't know."
  },
  {
    "start": 557.16,
    "end": 565.42,
    "text": "so were trying figure out if theres a metabolite You see me normalise based on DNA or RNA."
  },
  {
    "start": 565.52,
    "end": 568.06,
    "text": "thats there But its not enough."
  },
  {
    "start": 568.199,
    "end": 570.719,
    "text": "lets say We are still working."
  },
  {
    "start": 571.699,
    "end": 579.06,
    "text": "Yeah, this is one of the big difficulties especially and I think it's good if you want to use quantitative metabolomics."
  },
  {
    "start": 579.099,
    "end": 581.04,
    "text": "There are lots of advantages too that."
  },
  {
    "start": 581.14,
    "end": 586.54,
    "text": "but of course You need know what this relates in terms of amounts And these can be difficult yeah?"
  },
  {
    "start": 586.88,
    "end": 588.939,
    "text": "It feels quite forgiving."
  },
  {
    "start": 589.26,
    "end": 592.02,
    "text": "they understand like a problem."
  },
  {
    "start": 593.839,
    "end": 604.06,
    "text": "The most important thing for whatever technology is understanding limitations like put them in front and acknowledge them, then move from there."
  },
  {
    "start": 606.02,
    "end": 612.0,
    "text": "So I think we're clearly moving towards talking about the paper so let's get right into it!"
  },
  {
    "start": 612.98,
    "end": 619.0,
    "text": "It is a preprint still but hopefully soon it will be peer-reviewed and published."
  },
  {
    "start": 620.14,
    "end": 625.579,
    "text": "The title is Vitamin BII production by Vaginal Dactylbacilli promotes symbiosis."
  },
  {
    "start": 626.459,
    "end": 638.8,
    "text": "So you specified already that your PhD topic was already focusing on these molecules, but can you tell us a bit about what the starting point for this study?"
  },
  {
    "start": 639.78,
    "end": 640.959,
    "text": "What was your hypothesis."
  },
  {
    "start": 641.74,
    "end": 646.599,
    "text": "The really beginning of this story is in the Seventypity Finding of the Isala Study."
  },
  {
    "start": 649.66,
    "end": 656.64,
    "text": "project, let's say was designed to better understand the normal composition diversity and function of vaginal legtobacilli."
  },
  {
    "start": 656.8,
    "end": 676.28,
    "text": "And for this we wanted to do genomics, metabolomics in culturing during the culturing so just blading off these vaginal swaps on different agroplates We noticed that one of these strains had parents green phenotype Right up."
  },
  {
    "start": 676.38,
    "end": 679.099,
    "text": "so it was a highly green fluorescence."
  },
  {
    "start": 679.199,
    "end": 682.62,
    "text": "and they're not to be the due to overproduction of rubble flavoring."
  },
  {
    "start": 683.219,
    "end": 692.439,
    "text": "So, off course we get directly started thinking about our like the busty life perhaps like vaginal fireflies or because there are flowers then."
  },
  {
    "start": 692.579,
    "end": 700.36,
    "text": "and so with all these crazy ideas Then of course, because we know rabbit-flaving has a lot of beneficial properties in the gut."
  },
  {
    "start": 700.8,
    "end": 705.02,
    "text": "It's involved in redux homeostasis and inflammatory reactions."
  },
  {
    "start": 705.38,
    "end": 707.48,
    "text": "And then also this made cell activation."
  },
  {
    "start": 708.06,
    "end": 712.8,
    "text": "We were like wondering whether some of these concepts could be translated into vagina?"
  },
  {
    "start": 714.459,
    "end": 718.959,
    "text": "In addition to this... ...we know from the Izala study that it was cross validated."
  },
  {
    "start": 719.319,
    "end": 720.28,
    "text": "for other studies."
  },
  {
    "start": 721.28,
    "end": 725.76,
    "text": "Crispartus is often co-curing, so the most optimal species let's say in the vagina."
  },
  {
    "start": 726.199,
    "end": 733.52,
    "text": "It's often co curing with other Lactobacilli especially Gensennii and Imote Lactombacilli species."
  },
  {
    "start": 734.14,
    "end": 745.819,
    "text": "And we were wondering whether this could be because of cross feeding sharing of metabolites production of common goods that either would have been beneficial between them but also to hosts?"
  },
  {
    "start": 746.939,
    "end": 752.319,
    "text": "In these hypotheses or this perspective B vitamins are very interesting."
  },
  {
    "start": 752.4,
    "end": 762.06,
    "text": "So all of these things together drove us to start looking into the B-vitamin levels in China, and then we found indeed that"
  },
  {
    "start": 763.719,
    "end": 767.939,
    "text": "One question I always have is, why did you choose to include metabolomics in that study?"
  },
  {
    "start": 768.04,
    "end": 775.0,
    "text": "So here it's quite clear because these are the messengers or the molecules that you were literally looking for."
  },
  {
    "start": 775.099,
    "end": 777.36,
    "text": "That's also what use targeted metabolomics i assume."
  },
  {
    "start": 777.62,
    "end": 781.839,
    "text": "Because one of my questions would've been like Did You start shooting large and then find those ones?"
  },
  {
    "start": 781.88,
    "end": 785.339,
    "text": "but I guess you started directly with this targeted panel of vitamins."
  },
  {
    "start": 785.4,
    "end": 786.74,
    "text": "Or did you look at other things?"
  },
  {
    "start": 787.599,
    "end": 790.5,
    "text": "Yeah, we had of course different research questions."
  },
  {
    "start": 790.579,
    "end": 813.459,
    "text": "So when I'm working with the data set so there are of course we did first untargeted and then maybe like a... We also did like a larger panel of ninety seven metabolites related to host microbe with host micro metabolism of the bed actually um..so we started big brought up it's broader but then off course for me specifically derived from savings for most interesting molecules."
  },
  {
    "start": 814.5,
    "end": 819.599,
    "text": "For us, still a limitation of this method is the lack of metatranscriptomic data."
  },
  {
    "start": 820.079,
    "end": 825.26,
    "text": "But it was just like that in which we did original swabbing in these alas studies."
  },
  {
    "start": 825.339,
    "end": 844.959,
    "text": "so self-sampling and sending up sample with postal delivery made impossible to work with metattranscriptomicdata And therefore we cross-validated some of our findings also with the dataset from Chacavel and Michael Frantz which combined with genomics and metatranscriptomics."
  },
  {
    "start": 845.42,
    "end": 860.4,
    "text": "And there we also see that in, like Vasile-Crispartus dominated communities so let's say the most optimal microbiome composition where you'll be seeing a lot of riboflavin transcripts or more than any other communities?"
  },
  {
    "start": 860.86,
    "end": 869.26,
    "text": "We also see they're coming from Cripspartis orchid, so all this together then made us more confident to go into these functional aspects."
  },
  {
    "start": 869.339,
    "end": 869.4,
    "text": "The"
  },
  {
    "start": 871.26,
    "end": 878.66,
    "text": "swab collection and the kit that you sent to the participants, was this designed already to preserve metabolites?"
  },
  {
    "start": 878.86,
    "end": 879.099,
    "text": "well?"
  },
  {
    "start": 879.459,
    "end": 884.12,
    "text": "Are the metabolites very stable in these swabs because for example dried bloods?"
  },
  {
    "start": 884.4,
    "end": 886.66,
    "text": "we know there are lots of metabolites that get lost."
  },
  {
    "start": 887.459,
    "end": 889.54,
    "text": "You just have to know it and work around it."
  },
  {
    "start": 889.68,
    "end": 891.12,
    "text": "but how is it for swabs?"
  },
  {
    "start": 892.42,
    "end": 894.42,
    "text": "again I think they're like How do you define?"
  },
  {
    "start": 894.819,
    "end": 897.86,
    "text": "stability on a metabolite is important here."
  },
  {
    "start": 898.3,
    "end": 910.64,
    "text": "We did do some optimization first, and we also said whether for example samples that only had like one day of transport compared to samples that maybe took four or five six days?"
  },
  {
    "start": 910.719,
    "end": 914.439,
    "text": "Whether it would have a difference... And there you don't really see the big difference."
  },
  {
    "start": 914.68,
    "end": 921.26,
    "text": "however I think they will be an impact on direct sampling like folio compounds."
  },
  {
    "start": 921.88,
    "end": 928.48,
    "text": "those will become either way for the B-file means it was definitely okay, yeah."
  },
  {
    "start": 928.86,
    "end": 931.98,
    "text": "That's great but as... It goes back to what we were talking about before."
  },
  {
    "start": 932.06,
    "end": 940.48,
    "text": "also when you know that your study design requires The sample to be sent in a mail then You're gonna focus on What is left and thats ok."
  },
  {
    "start": 941.3,
    "end": 942.74,
    "text": "I think there really nothing wrong with that."
  },
  {
    "start": 943.68,
    "end": 947.48,
    "text": "When becomes more difficult Is when people want To stay attached."
  },
  {
    "start": 947.92,
    "end": 951.78,
    "text": "Was they at the beginning But anyway going to Be lost In the sample They receive them?"
  },
  {
    "start": 952.3,
    "end": 954.04,
    "text": "Sounds like their approach was very rational."
  },
  {
    "start": 954.52,
    "end": 955.12,
    "text": "I think so as well."
  },
  {
    "start": 957.099,
    "end": 963.18,
    "text": "For the for the follow-up projects let's say, we have originalized our project but it is like an umbrella project you would see."
  },
  {
    "start": 963.48,
    "end": 971.959,
    "text": "and there are a lot of follow up projects that try to include metabolomics in order people come into university to sample there."
  },
  {
    "start": 973.12,
    "end": 975.599,
    "text": "Yeah, the degradation."
  },
  {
    "start": 975.939,
    "end": 980.56,
    "text": "So you could figure out how those vitamins work in your bacterial communities?"
  },
  {
    "start": 980.819,
    "end": 981.3,
    "text": "In that study"
  },
  {
    "start": 982.079,
    "end": 983.88,
    "text": "I hope at least some part yes."
  },
  {
    "start": 984.56,
    "end": 999.339,
    "text": "so um what we currently do not know is whether it promotes for example community stability as a population level because they're definitely needs with the transcriptomic data as well as synthetic community experiments and the field is just not ready for it."
  },
  {
    "start": 999.4,
    "end": 1002.54,
    "text": "We have paper on but its really in infancy."
  },
  {
    "start": 1003.42,
    "end": 1008.88,
    "text": "But I focus in this preprint on the host part, and i do feel that there we are some steps further already."
  },
  {
    "start": 1009.16,
    "end": 1014.28,
    "text": "So we've seen first of all riboflaving can be transported basolaterally in a treaty model."
  },
  {
    "start": 1014.38,
    "end": 1042.48,
    "text": "so let's say it is actually a model to see absorption coming from the luminal side like the systemic parts similar to absorption in a gut lets'a say but will really cool too understand whether the in-situ production in the vagina could be relevant for the rest of the body, but then on the other hand we also started looking into whether during this transport riboflavin could affect the redux metabolism of vaginal epithelial cells."
  },
  {
    "start": 1042.54,
    "end": 1054.26,
    "text": "and there we do see that some compounds are being increased when they're being exposed to a riboflavin overproducing lactobacilli compared to a low producer lactobacyli."
  },
  {
    "start": 1054.94,
    "end": 1061.0,
    "text": "And aspects of the MR-I maize cell axis that is being activated."
  },
  {
    "start": 1061.54,
    "end": 1070.82,
    "text": "We do see some of the riboflavin intermediates can induce surface expression of MR- I, and this MR-II can then activate the maize cells."
  },
  {
    "start": 1071.62,
    "end": 1082.5,
    "text": "but then it's important to try to understand which signals are also necessary for these maize cels to be really activated in a homoesthetic or rather pathogenic way."
  },
  {
    "start": 1082.94,
    "end": 1088.24,
    "text": "There we do see deep dive into this."
  },
  {
    "start": 1089.5,
    "end": 1101.26,
    "text": "Then an important methodological aspect that applies in the paper is use of clonal variants, so it's generally very hard to genetically modify clinical isolates like the basulae."
  },
  {
    "start": 1101.52,
    "end": 1115.76,
    "text": "they are quite refractory to electroporation or anything like that and so there really a bottleneck but again as they're in deputy finding within these same participants where we isolated overproducer."
  },
  {
    "start": 1116.639,
    "end": 1135.62,
    "text": "We found actually in total eight limote electobacillus strains that were genetically highly similar, there were only a few SNPs but two of them harbored the same SNP in let's say the regulatory region of the riboflavin synthesis operand driving this overproduction."
  },
  {
    "start": 1136.3,
    "end": 1149.92,
    "text": "and when we perform an targeted target metabolomics between these strains you see like a minor of metabolites affected, mainly related to then riboflavin and FAD enzymatic activity."
  },
  {
    "start": 1151.04,
    "end": 1162.62,
    "text": "So we use this instead of making it knock out in very hard time consuming techniques for which you don't have predicted success."
  },
  {
    "start": 1162.7,
    "end": 1176.46,
    "text": "let's say We used these clonal variants within the limitation that there might be some other some metabolites and other cell wall structures that might be different, but I think it's safe to say they are very similar."
  },
  {
    "start": 1177.58,
    "end": 1187.54,
    "text": "If i can revert back one of the things you mentioned so you mentioned the metabolites going in towards the host then others coming through."
  },
  {
    "start": 1187.84,
    "end": 1192.139,
    "text": "how painful is when I have to wonder, where do these metabolites come from?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1192.3,
    "end": 1195.6,
    "text": "Because especially in microbiome research is the eternal question."
  },
  {
    "start": 1196.08,
    "end": 1198.74,
    "text": "Does this comes from the host or does it come from the microbiome?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1199.92,
    "end": 1201.42,
    "text": "So how has you dealt with that?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1201.94,
    "end": 1211.48,
    "text": "when interpreting your results and maybe the type of metabolite are looking at... You can just infer they came more than a local production."
  },
  {
    "start": 1211.84,
    "end": 1214.36,
    "text": "but what were the assumptions you worked"
  },
  {
    "start": 1215.22,
    "end": 1215.26,
    "text": "on?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1215.72,
    "end": 1219.32,
    "text": "It's still very difficult questions for me."
  },
  {
    "start": 1219.52,
    "end": 1227.94,
    "text": "In this preprint, we tried to look at whether there were any associations with the questionnaire data of Izala."
  },
  {
    "start": 1228.1,
    "end": 1240.899,
    "text": "So when they took these samples also had to fill in an extensive questionnaire more than a hour on if they are taking any vitamin supplements or kind of food that even lost twenty-four hours?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1241.36,
    "end": 1247.48,
    "text": "Whether they have any vaginal complaints like activity or sexual activity."
  },
  {
    "start": 1247.58,
    "end": 1248.44,
    "text": "that was different."
  },
  {
    "start": 1249.68,
    "end": 1258.62,
    "text": "So we try to associate any of the B vitamin levels through these data, but it couldn't find any significant association."
  },
  {
    "start": 1259.1,
    "end": 1266.7,
    "text": "now I have say this is not excluding any contribution on a diet because i do think there will be."
  },
  {
    "start": 1267.42,
    "end": 1271.54,
    "text": "if you take a lot of riboflavin then some would end up in the vagina and has to."
  },
  {
    "start": 1274.84,
    "end": 1281.5,
    "text": "We wanted to see whether the contribution by the microbiome could at least explain a part of it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1282.48,
    "end": 1286.94,
    "text": "And that we do see, there are strong associations with CRISPR spotters."
  },
  {
    "start": 1287.54,
    "end": 1291.74,
    "text": "so yeah... we cannot fully one hundred percent exclude"
  },
  {
    "start": 1292.08,
    "end": 1292.68,
    "text": "contributions"
  },
  {
    "start": 1293.399,
    "end": 1305.899,
    "text": "from the host but finding these rapid phases and especially this unstable intermediates that it's more plausible, at least some part is coming from the microbiome."
  },
  {
    "start": 1306.379,
    "end": 1316.56,
    "text": "Plus finding in vivo transcription plus finding that riboflavin myosynthesis is quite conserved among ectobacillus."
  },
  {
    "start": 1318.159,
    "end": 1322.82,
    "text": "And then also when I get this question i always think like but how do you know for other microbiomes?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1323.04,
    "end": 1333.26,
    "text": "How do we know if they're good and their people especially than in the colon are quite willing to understand or to say that it's coming from the microbiome, definitely."
  },
  {
    "start": 1334.3,
    "end": 1347.96,
    "text": "But I think also what you did here and the follow-up experiments where you check out the mechanism or look at how the strains behave ex vivo... That also helps support."
  },
  {
    "start": 1348.02,
    "end": 1354.82,
    "text": "so let us see if we can make your assumption of what you find in the vaginal microbiome metabolomics."
  },
  {
    "start": 1356.399,
    "end": 1362.12,
    "text": "see if that follows up, like I think to some extent you support with those additional experiments."
  },
  {
    "start": 1363.42,
    "end": 1368.7,
    "text": "At least at the bulk of some of the metabolites come from the bacteria rather than from the host."
  },
  {
    "start": 1369.1,
    "end": 1372.46,
    "text": "but it's always... This is what i find fascinating to be honest!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1372.86,
    "end": 1379.36,
    "text": "It's like this balance which has all the assumptions have to make for your story going."
  },
  {
    "start": 1380.62,
    "end": 1381.98,
    "text": "and there are one question."
  },
  {
    "start": 1382.08,
    "end": 1394.8,
    "text": "so just fundamentally speaking I find the work fascinating and i think it's super interesting to look at how different species work together or against each other but of course we always have to think off the end applications."
  },
  {
    "start": 1395.42,
    "end": 1400.02,
    "text": "and also knowledge in the end helps us to make better medicine, better therapies."
  },
  {
    "start": 1400.92,
    "end": 1406.06,
    "text": "From your perspective what are the application you expect to come out of this work?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1406.72,
    "end": 1409.639,
    "text": "So when we understand these mechanisms better where do you hope?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1409.8,
    "end": 1413.08,
    "text": "maybe it's a more interesting question that will take us."
  },
  {
    "start": 1414.48,
    "end": 1420.12,
    "text": "I would hope that it contributes to development of new probiotics specifically for the vagina."
  },
  {
    "start": 1421.98,
    "end": 1427.46,
    "text": "however For example, we have a very interesting overproducing strain that is sped up."
  },
  {
    "start": 1427.659,
    "end": 1437.08,
    "text": "But it's still... It's a difficult road to get clinical isolates in like real products."
  },
  {
    "start": 1437.639,
    "end": 1449.3,
    "text": "so In Europe at least its either considered medical device or truck So means this goes through along regulatory routes of clinical trials."
  },
  {
    "start": 1449.36,
    "end": 1455.399,
    "text": "let say even though the Pectobacilli are generally regarded as safe, you can apply them in food supplements and so on."
  },
  {
    "start": 1456.46,
    "end": 1459.12,
    "text": "So ideally I hope we could ever apply."
  },
  {
    "start": 1459.82,
    "end": 1467.92,
    "text": "one of these riboflavin overproducers is vaginal probiotic through the application of a cream or a capsule or suppository."
  },
  {
    "start": 1468.98,
    "end": 1488.08,
    "text": "but apart from that i also think that just creating more functional foods are oral probiotics with the flavoring in it because there's also this hypothesis in the field that indeed, there is a gut vagina excess via metabolites."
  },
  {
    "start": 1488.18,
    "end": 1507.82,
    "text": "So coming from it gets through to blood within the vagina but also by the perineal root of just bacteria and so that would be an cool application I think with then of course benefits off also just oral probiotics or perhaps supporting your gut homeostasis as well."
  },
  {
    "start": 1508.0,
    "end": 1513.5,
    "text": "get microbiome Advertising, let's say a paper review of mine."
  },
  {
    "start": 1513.54,
    "end": 1537.1,
    "text": "We have this review off the role or involvement of rubble-flavored in women's health and emerging microbiome strategies where we perform large analysis on all clinical studies for past ten years linking levels of riboflavin supplementation to women's."
  },
  {
    "start": 1539.34,
    "end": 1550.34,
    "text": "women have increased demands of riboflavin and need more riboflavium due to mechanisms of menstruation, fertility but also mental well-being."
  },
  {
    "start": 1551.24,
    "end": 1556.06,
    "text": "Or for example tissue in pelvic organ prolapse."
  },
  {
    "start": 1557.6,
    "end": 1563.48,
    "text": "so there I think that is a lot evidence that the riboflation can be very beneficial for women."
  },
  {
    "start": 1563.94,
    "end": 1565.879,
    "text": "hopefully we can tackle too."
  },
  {
    "start": 1566.92,
    "end": 1568.26,
    "text": "two, how do you say it in English?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1568.3,
    "end": 1569.58,
    "text": "Two birds with one stone."
  },
  {
    "start": 1570.139,
    "end": 1575.94,
    "text": "So both rabble-flavin and lektobacilli programs help using rabble flavor producing lektopacilli"
  },
  {
    "start": 1576.84,
    "end": 1577.0,
    "text": "Yeah!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1579.139,
    "end": 1587.68,
    "text": "And my usual last question about the paper is was there a big challenge for you or something he'd like to highlight?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1587.78,
    "end": 1593.98,
    "text": "so doesn't have was hard and was never solved, but rather something that was really difficult."
  },
  {
    "start": 1594.06,
    "end": 1595.52,
    "text": "And you found a solution to it?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1596.04,
    "end": 1598.44,
    "text": "But of course if there's no solution You can also put it out There."
  },
  {
    "start": 1598.7,
    "end": 1600.639,
    "text": "maybe we get some thing bad about It."
  },
  {
    "start": 1601.62,
    "end": 1602.5,
    "text": "What comes to mind?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1603.26,
    "end": 1610.24,
    "text": "I think the major struggle We already touched upon is the quantification Of the metabolites using The approach that we used."
  },
  {
    "start": 1610.899,
    "end": 1621.5,
    "text": "Um i Think we had A hard time of accepting That its just not really possible in a method that we did."
  },
  {
    "start": 1622.6,
    "end": 1635.6,
    "text": "We're currently looking into ways of solving this, having the dry swaps and directly analyzing it or somehow weighing the swaps up front but then still there will be variation between swaps."
  },
  {
    "start": 1636.36,
    "end": 1639.08,
    "text": "so yeah I don't have a clear solution."
  },
  {
    "start": 1643.6,
    "end": 1643.76,
    "text": "Yeah,"
  },
  {
    "start": 1647.3,
    "end": 1655.8,
    "text": "standardization in general is not... I wouldn't say it's a bottleneck but its one of the German word coming to Bausch-Tillen."
  },
  {
    "start": 1657.34,
    "end": 1665.72,
    "text": "One big task for the field was finding ways to standardize and make things more reproducible especially when you have large studies like this."
  },
  {
    "start": 1666.22,
    "end": 1670.76,
    "text": "so we're gonna move now into the community that your part are from the Isala project."
  },
  {
    "start": 1671.379,
    "end": 1674.26,
    "text": "For me It looks as if there would be a bigger community growing."
  },
  {
    "start": 1675.54,
    "end": 1677.54,
    "text": "it's not even limited to Belgium anymore."
  },
  {
    "start": 1677.58,
    "end": 1679.22,
    "text": "It's really growing into different countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 1679.28,
    "end": 1684.86,
    "text": "so chronologically, can you tell me because you were there as a young student at the very beginning?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1685.52,
    "end": 1689.04,
    "text": "Can you tell us first of all what the Isala project is cause?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1689.2,
    "end": 1692.159,
    "text": "I assume they will be people who listen and don't know exactly we're talking about."
  },
  {
    "start": 1692.22,
    "end": 1692.78,
    "text": "So for that..."
  },
  {
    "start": 1694.76,
    "end": 1709.5,
    "text": "The Isala Project originally was designed to better understand the role of the Baselite in the vagina And for this we wanted genomics, metabolomics, culturing of vaginal swaps."
  },
  {
    "start": 1710.0,
    "end": 1731.399,
    "text": "And an important aspect that we wanted to include let's say is moving away from the clinic because often people or women were recruited via their gynecologists but you mostly go to a gynecolologist when there is like problem or you have issue or whatever."
  },
  {
    "start": 1731.5,
    "end": 1737.34,
    "text": "so bias, let's say just contact participants."
  },
  {
    "start": 1738.18,
    "end": 1740.0,
    "text": "So we had like an entire."
  },
  {
    "start": 1740.32,
    "end": 1746.8,
    "text": "at this moment I was still a job student in the lab between my bachelor and master so i already observed it from the distance."
  },
  {
    "start": 1746.879,
    "end": 1753.56,
    "text": "but there was a lot of effort put into building interdisciplinarity."
  },
  {
    "start": 1754.06,
    "end": 1769.02,
    "text": "so psychologists people form social sciences from economics as well to create Presenting this project to people, and then we finally launched in March."
  },
  {
    "start": 1770.52,
    "end": 1785.52,
    "text": "So right in the COVID pandemic talking about bugs and microbiome at that point was not yeah But we aimed to get two hundred people and we ended up with more than six thousand."
  },
  {
    "start": 1785.58,
    "end": 1797.48,
    "text": "We've been willing to participate, so it actually had the close all registrations because you didn't have money to analyze all these people but then decided to try again for more funding."
  },
  {
    "start": 1797.7,
    "end": 1802.34,
    "text": "really engage all of this people include them in a flow."
  },
  {
    "start": 1802.56,
    "end": 1812.52,
    "text": "one let's say that cross-sectional study and then a flow of two where we put the longitude on our study, which is now also included in the"
  },
  {
    "start": 1813.76,
    "end": 1813.86,
    "text": "lab."
  },
  {
    "start": 1814.2,
    "end": 1828.58,
    "text": "I remember seeing the package that you sent to the participants... And when you talked about the multidisciplinary team almost bet there was a marketer because it was really beautiful thoughtful well-made thing."
  },
  {
    "start": 1828.659,
    "end": 1829.42,
    "text": "Can you explain?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1832.26,
    "end": 1838.76,
    "text": "Very junior at that time, but I'm sure you know where it was made of and maybe some of the ideas Of how to engage people."
  },
  {
    "start": 1839.12,
    "end": 1840.58,
    "text": "And also what they get back?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1840.98,
    "end": 1843.04,
    "text": "This is something this probably very important."
  },
  {
    "start": 1844.379,
    "end": 1861.54,
    "text": "Yes for the package we like the idea off Sarah or she really wanted so look like a Like small presents like a nice beautiful female thing and that's also why we chose for the light spring in the bloom to make it feel very girly, let's say."
  },
  {
    "start": 1861.82,
    "end": 1872.96,
    "text": "And in the package there were not only the swaps that we needed but there was also an Izala pin on your t-shirt or on your sweater uh...to be part of the community."
  },
  {
    "start": 1873.12,
    "end": 1877.879,
    "text": "But then also um..there were conversation starters in there."
  },
  {
    "start": 1878.22,
    "end": 1886.98,
    "text": "so I think ten questions about Yeah, some provocative taboo atmosphere topics."
  },
  {
    "start": 1887.7,
    "end": 1891.1,
    "text": "For example which kind of contraception method you use?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1891.36,
    "end": 1893.36,
    "text": "or have you ever had an infection?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1893.54,
    "end": 1911.26,
    "text": "Or Have you ever has problems with fertility for women that were participating to talk their peers and family in France And hopefully start a conversation because let's be honest whoever talks about these things I didn't, uh before this."
  },
  {
    "start": 1912.06,
    "end": 1916.46,
    "text": "Um so that was first very important and it's really like getting these."
  },
  {
    "start": 1916.659,
    "end": 1922.879,
    "text": "package Was Really embedded in the co-creation part of the citizen science."
  },
  {
    "start": 1922.92,
    "end": 1929.18,
    "text": "So within citizen science we actually have four levels which are gradually requiring more contribution."
  },
  {
    "start": 1929.42,
    "end": 1934.399,
    "text": "Of the participants said First you have minimal involvement next year's contribution."
  },
  {
    "start": 1935.0,
    "end": 1938.28,
    "text": "The third level is collaboration, fourth is co-creation."
  },
  {
    "start": 1938.36,
    "end": 1942.72,
    "text": "And there the citizens are really also like scientists"
  },
  {
    "start": 1942.899,
    "end": 1943.28,
    "text": "let's say"
  },
  {
    "start": 1943.82,
    "end": 1947.78,
    "text": "so we really ask them what to focus on."
  },
  {
    "start": 1947.899,
    "end": 1962.84,
    "text": "for example We welcome every thought that they had during sampling or ideas from follow up studies how they would like to have the results communicated to them."
  },
  {
    "start": 1963.28,
    "end": 1975.76,
    "text": "So we really focused also on social media and having everything very easy-to-follow with blog posts, Instagram stories updates this way."
  },
  {
    "start": 1976.12,
    "end": 1987.6,
    "text": "so in this way we've tried to build a community of followers let's say as well which can now engage for other projects that are"
  },
  {
    "start": 1989.139,
    "end": 1989.26,
    "text": "cool."
  },
  {
    "start": 1989.48,
    "end": 1993.399,
    "text": "Yeah, since from the outside I saw this project a few years ago."
  },
  {
    "start": 1993.5,
    "end": 2003.879,
    "text": "I think Sarah was giving her talk somewhere and that was the first time i heard about it And then I looked into it over time It really looks like...it's not just a scientific project but its movement."
  },
  {
    "start": 2004.159,
    "end": 2008.12,
    "text": "You built that community The use of social media."
  },
  {
    "start": 2008.24,
    "end": 2016.54,
    "text": "Of course scientists were encouraged to do so But these projects did very well in the manipulative way, but in a caring way."
  },
  {
    "start": 2017.1,
    "end": 2018.22,
    "text": "This is how it transpires."
  },
  {
    "start": 2018.3,
    "end": 2026.74,
    "text": "for me like really to be in this together with the participants and I know from large cohorts or much larger cohorts than these."
  },
  {
    "start": 2027.28,
    "end": 2033.379,
    "text": "A question that often comes up And can be bit complex Is what results do the participant actually get?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2033.48,
    "end": 2042.24,
    "text": "So beyond all goodies and networking and community feeling so What you share of the result with your participants?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2043.78,
    "end": 2047.8,
    "text": "First of all, we try to share the results as soon as possible."
  },
  {
    "start": 2048.02,
    "end": 2064.759,
    "text": "Let's say... As soon as you are confident about them We communicate it into participants and they get an email And have a password like username or password so that they can enter their own personal profile."
  },
  {
    "start": 2065.44,
    "end": 2068.739,
    "text": "So we communicate their microbiome composition."
  },
  {
    "start": 2069.62,
    "end": 2078.659,
    "text": "So every person gets like a pie chart with their percentages of Species found there As well as clear explanation."
  },
  {
    "start": 2078.739,
    "end": 2080.199,
    "text": "Of what that species does."
  },
  {
    "start": 2080.38,
    "end": 2082.94,
    "text": "so even in layman terms we try to do that."
  },
  {
    "start": 2083.88,
    "end": 2087.92,
    "text": "For example, Chris Bottas is the most optimal one because of this isn't this?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2088.32,
    "end": 2095.779,
    "text": "but then also when you have less optimal One would be also tried to mention it But in a very cautiously."
  },
  {
    "start": 2095.9,
    "end": 2098.94,
    "text": "yeah Because they don't want too."
  },
  {
    "start": 2099.58,
    "end": 2102.66,
    "text": "We don't want to create problems where they're not."
  },
  {
    "start": 2102.72,
    "end": 2115.74,
    "text": "And I guess, like today there are no clear diagnostic consequences that are taken from those results or like... There's no alarming diagnosis that would come form this yet?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2117.02,
    "end": 2117.96,
    "text": "Maybe in the future?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2118.38,
    "end": 2122.92,
    "text": "Yeah and we always say if you don't experience any problem there's nothing wrong."
  },
  {
    "start": 2123.279,
    "end": 2126.22,
    "text": "also either way you have a more diverse profile, that's fine."
  },
  {
    "start": 2126.9,
    "end": 2134.12,
    "text": "But what we did do was then include contact information of general practitioners involved in the study."
  },
  {
    "start": 2134.24,
    "end": 2140.34,
    "text": "so if they had any questions or worries they could always ask them."
  },
  {
    "start": 2141.68,
    "end": 2147.72,
    "text": "yeah So I think That is one of the main things and with follow-up studies to try to include more."
  },
  {
    "start": 2148.12,
    "end": 2155.94,
    "text": "We also update them when we have a paper out and try to explain it in the scientific way."
  },
  {
    "start": 2156.08,
    "end": 2177.38,
    "text": "Let's say you're more easy-to-understand way, And we organize events or contribute for kids, adults... In Belgium this thing is called Northland Festival so like very big festival of entire weekend where once had stand."
  },
  {
    "start": 2177.68,
    "end": 2180.38,
    "text": "Yeah, interact with a lot of people."
  },
  {
    "start": 2181.3,
    "end": 2185.279,
    "text": "So we really try to bring it back To the people as well."
  },
  {
    "start": 2187.06,
    "end": 2188.8,
    "text": "That's really great initiative."
  },
  {
    "start": 2189.0,
    "end": 2194.22,
    "text": "I love It so its been now running for more than six years from The very beginning right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2196.32,
    "end": 2197.94,
    "text": "What does the future look like For Isala?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2197.98,
    "end": 2198.0,
    "text": "Ha!"
  },
  {
    "start": 2200.8,
    "end": 2202.32,
    "text": "It always depends on funding."
  },
  {
    "start": 2203.84,
    "end": 2224.82,
    "text": "We're growing As you mentioned other sisterhoods, like many countries are developing their own Izala-like project or we give them a framework of how... We did it let's say but all these countries have their ownership and way."
  },
  {
    "start": 2226.3,
    "end": 2233.74,
    "text": "In every country there is cultural aspects that you need to take into account in your projects."
  },
  {
    "start": 2233.94,
    "end": 2236.22,
    "text": "so still working on this."
  },
  {
    "start": 2236.66,
    "end": 2253.42,
    "text": "And then also we have now, you have to move from observation to more mechanistic studies like within a preprint and there are a lot of follow-up studies for example Luna who project that's looking at influence of menstrual hygiene products under vaginal microbiome."
  },
  {
    "start": 2254.12,
    "end": 2267.82,
    "text": "so for example it would be ideal to have some kind of vague guidelines to communicate with the public to really have that mechanistic proof evidence."
  },
  {
    "start": 2269.06,
    "end": 2277.88,
    "text": "That would help a lot of women to maintain or improve their vaginal health, so how does it look like?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2277.94,
    "end": 2288.259,
    "text": "I'm not sure yet...I hope i can still be part make an impact."
  },
  {
    "start": 2289.66,
    "end": 2292.72,
    "text": "Yeah, because there are still a lot of things that remain to be known."
  },
  {
    "start": 2292.84,
    "end": 2307.68,
    "text": "I guess so you i guess for example when you have the sisterhoods in different countries eventually radically different between continents, between countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 2307.82,
    "end": 2316.68,
    "text": "Do you already know just from literature or even first results if there are these... because for the gut we know it's a lot based on diets?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2316.92,
    "end": 2324.88,
    "text": "The differences but like do you know if they're such radical differences for vaginal microbiome in-between countries that have been described?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2325.52,
    "end": 2344.12,
    "text": "There is so indeed In general let say world population wide like the bacillus chryspatus is the most beneficial one, but we do see that in a lot of Hispanic populations for example much more diverse profiles are very common."
  },
  {
    "start": 2344.779,
    "end": 2353.259,
    "text": "We work together with Peru because if it's there like the manager of the Sister Ruth Sandra Cambori she's from Peru."
  },
  {
    "start": 2353.4,
    "end": 2357.72,
    "text": "and that how we initiated this link."
  },
  {
    "start": 2359.16,
    "end": 2370.04,
    "text": "Yeah, there are a lot of changes or differences in having more diverse profiles with also healthy women."
  },
  {
    "start": 2371.02,
    "end": 2378.86,
    "text": "But for example then also their the most common use menstrual hygiene product is a menstrual pad For example."
  },
  {
    "start": 2379.279,
    "end": 2384.32,
    "text": "so to understand them how these activities on this lifestyle methods would affect it."
  },
  {
    "start": 2385.22,
    "end": 2398.98,
    "text": "yeah It's hard too already disentangle from diet because different or there are a lot of differences between populations, but to really already pinpoint which is one most contributing factor it's difficult."
  },
  {
    "start": 2400.44,
    "end": 2415.12,
    "text": "Yeah But I think this is for me the very interesting things because they're so much that comes from how we live our lives and treat our bodies And you mentioned at little bit in the beginning For gut microbiome."
  },
  {
    "start": 2415.22,
    "end": 2417.56,
    "text": "its now clear their strong ties with health."
  },
  {
    "start": 2418.279,
    "end": 2424.22,
    "text": "When your gut microbiom imbalanced, this usually associates with many diseases."
  },
  {
    "start": 2424.54,
    "end": 2426.82,
    "text": "Is there something like that for the vaginal microbiome?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2426.86,
    "end": 2427.64,
    "text": "That is known already."
  },
  {
    "start": 2429.86,
    "end": 2430.68,
    "text": "so you'd"
  },
  {
    "start": 2430.82,
    "end": 2431.08,
    "text": "have"
  },
  {
    "start": 2431.8,
    "end": 2445.86,
    "text": "an unusual vaginal microbiome from your population and that would associate it to people who are chronic disease or if they're too soon population."
  },
  {
    "start": 2446.5,
    "end": 2458.9,
    "text": "so we, I mean in Izala itself proclaimed healthy and it took into account whether they were taking any drugs or they suffered from a disorder whatever."
  },
  {
    "start": 2459.64,
    "end": 2467.24,
    "text": "but for most studies you try to exclude those participants who do not have that bias."
  },
  {
    "start": 2468.16,
    "end": 2472.58,
    "text": "But i think especially also immune disease."
  },
  {
    "start": 2474.56,
    "end": 2481.44,
    "text": "Yeah, chronic diseases lead to immune response that there will be differences."
  },
  {
    "start": 2482.18,
    "end": 2492.42,
    "text": "But once you have a good picture of the healthy microbiome then I think it would also be nice next step to move towards different types of disease and see how that changes."
  },
  {
    "start": 2492.98,
    "end": 2497.18,
    "text": "so many exciting things for this project i really look forward to following Izala."
  },
  {
    "start": 2497.74,
    "end": 2497.92,
    "text": "thank."
  },
  {
    "start": 2500.2,
    "end": 2503.96,
    "text": "So the last question, as always is what's your favorite metabolite and why?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2504.1,
    "end": 2504.64,
    "text": "I have a feeling."
  },
  {
    "start": 2505.36,
    "end": 2507.72,
    "text": "I'm going to easily guess which one it is but... Yeah!"
  },
  {
    "start": 2509.22,
    "end": 2510.5,
    "text": "Which metabolite did you choose?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2510.6,
    "end": 2510.92,
    "text": "It's"
  },
  {
    "start": 2510.96,
    "end": 2512.9,
    "text": "an easy choice."
  },
  {
    "start": 2512.94,
    "end": 2517.08,
    "text": "It's riboflavin just because yeah its fluorescent."
  },
  {
    "start": 2517.12,
    "end": 2517.32,
    "text": "You know"
  },
  {
    "start": 2518.82,
    "end": 2519.64,
    "text": "i think it's beautiful."
  },
  {
    "start": 2519.759,
    "end": 2526.44,
    "text": "how you focus your attention on it like How are you had the idea too To look at it than to look further into?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2527.62,
    "end": 2527.9,
    "text": "No, I think"
  },
  {
    "start": 2528.0,
    "end": 2528.759,
    "text": "it's such"
  },
  {
    "start": 2528.8,
    "end": 2529.98,
    "text": "a versatile compound."
  },
  {
    "start": 2530.22,
    "end": 2534.68,
    "text": "It involves so many different aspects which makes this very hard to study."
  },
  {
    "start": 2535.06,
    "end": 2537.12,
    "text": "and we mentioned micro-microbipos."
  },
  {
    "start": 2538.1,
    "end": 2545.74,
    "text": "then in humans there can be so many other things but i think yeah its common good is one of those molecules that are good for you"
  },
  {
    "start": 2549.5,
    "end": 2549.92,
    "text": "Beautiful."
  },
  {
    "start": 2550.16,
    "end": 2557.96,
    "text": "Thank you very much, Caroline for taking part in the podcast and presenting your work on this beautiful project And I wish you all the best in future!"
  },
  {
    "start": 2571.08,
    "end": 2582.94,
    "text": "or go to TheMetabolomist.com and register for our newsletter!"
  },
  {
    "start": 2583.88,
    "end": 2596.88,
    "text": "Until then, I wish you get to use Metabolomics with the same passion & dedication as my guest today And don't hesitate to reach out to me on LinkedIn at Alice Nimmonsiel With your thoughts in this episode."
  }
]