[
  {
    "start": 3.66,
    "end": 5.48,
    "text": ""
  },
  {
    "start": 10.85,
    "end": 18.05,
    "text": "Now we're, you know, eleven months in and I don't think we've even seen the worst, which is perhaps the scariest thing to think about right"
  },
  {
    "start": 18.169,
    "end": 18.31,
    "text": "now."
  },
  {
    "start": 18.669,
    "end": 33.55,
    "text": "family after family after family came up to talk to me and they were all people with suspected TB or they were somewhere early in the diagnosis chain and their diagnosis had frozen when the stopper order came."
  },
  {
    "start": 34.11,
    "end": 38.57,
    "text": "Especially in Africa, government have to take responsibility for responsibility of their health system."
  },
  {
    "start": 38.61,
    "end": 38.87,
    "text": "Basically,"
  },
  {
    "start": 38.91,
    "end": 45.89,
    "text": "we have been using atemicinins for more than twenty years now than that medicine against malaria."
  },
  {
    "start": 46.65,
    "end": 49.17,
    "text": "But we also see increasing resistance against it."
  },
  {
    "start": 49.23,
    "end": 52.87,
    "text": "And that is a huge concern, because we basically have nothing else."
  },
  {
    "start": 52.91,
    "end": 62.43,
    "text": "To really make sure that such benefits can continue, we need people to use solutions and interventions rooted in science."
  },
  {
    "start": 63.13,
    "end": 63.99,
    "text": "So mistrust."
  },
  {
    "start": 64.65,
    "end": 65.77,
    "text": "In science it's a challenge."
  },
  {
    "start": 66.11,
    "end": 68.03,
    "text": "It has been a rollercoaster ride"
  },
  {
    "start": 68.09,
    "end": 68.91,
    "text": "of, of, no,"
  },
  {
    "start": 69.45,
    "end": 70.49,
    "text": "twenty twenty-five."
  },
  {
    "start": 70.53,
    "end": 75.13,
    "text": "I'm sort of so glad it's coming to an end because it's been such a difficult year."
  },
  {
    "start": 79.35,
    "end": 84.87,
    "text": "Hello and welcome to our last Pandemia episode of the year twenty-five."
  },
  {
    "start": 85.57,
    "end": 89.71,
    "text": "I'm Laura Salm-Reiferscheidt and I welcome you from the gray-haired"
  },
  {
    "start": 90.45,
    "end": 90.83,
    "text": "Vienna."
  },
  {
    "start": 91.07,
    "end": 95.69,
    "text": "And I'm Kai Kupfer-Schmidt and... Unless it doesn't rain here, it looks like it's going to rain in Berlin."
  },
  {
    "start": 95.73,
    "end": 97.17,
    "text": "Yes, the last time."
  },
  {
    "start": 97.39,
    "end": 100.51,
    "text": "TrueKyme podcast for the year twenty-five."
  },
  {
    "start": 100.93,
    "end": 101.29,
    "text": "Good riddance."
  },
  {
    "start": 101.33,
    "end": 105.33,
    "text": "Yes, it may end, but that's exactly what it should be about."
  },
  {
    "start": 105.83,
    "end": 106.13,
    "text": "Exactly,"
  },
  {
    "start": 107.17,
    "end": 113.87,
    "text": "what happened in the year twenty-five is much worse, of course, and what awaits us in the year twenty-six."
  },
  {
    "start": 114.45,
    "end": 115.91,
    "text": "So hopefully much better."
  },
  {
    "start": 117.59,
    "end": 122.49,
    "text": "And the reason why we wanted to do this is that I really feel historically about this year's"
  },
  {
    "start": 122.53,
    "end": 122.79,
    "text": "Global Health."
  },
  {
    "start": 122.83,
    "end": 124.35,
    "text": "Yes, historically bad, I would say."
  },
  {
    "start": 125.47,
    "end": 127.81,
    "text": "I think you can summarize that."
  },
  {
    "start": 128.049,
    "end": 132.21,
    "text": "But there are also a few breakthroughs that we want to talk about, also a few good things."
  },
  {
    "start": 132.37,
    "end": 133.55,
    "text": "It just happened a lot."
  },
  {
    "start": 133.93,
    "end": 144.89,
    "text": "And we wanted to give it one more order with a little distance, just give updates where certain things are now and, as I said, a little bit to the front view, what awaits us in the future."
  },
  {
    "start": 144.99,
    "end": 146.15,
    "text": "But first, let's take a look back."
  },
  {
    "start": 146.21,
    "end": 154.87,
    "text": "The year of the year, the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the"
  },
  {
    "start": 154.93,
    "end": 155.19,
    "text": "year"
  },
  {
    "start": 155.41,
    "end": 171.23,
    "text": "of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year."
  },
  {
    "start": 171.29,
    "end": 174.85,
    "text": "who has come to us again and again in the podcast is Mitchell Warren."
  },
  {
    "start": 174.91,
    "end": 189.21,
    "text": "He is an important man in the HIV area, Executive Director of AWAC, an international organization that uses HIV prevention strategies for development and access."
  },
  {
    "start": 189.27,
    "end": 194.73,
    "text": "And I spoke to him and after Trump's choice, he was already clear that some things would change."
  },
  {
    "start": 195.77,
    "end": 208.27,
    "text": "But as Trump, in fact, in January as the first court action, But I"
  },
  {
    "start": 208.31,
    "end": 215.61,
    "text": "have to say, on January twentieth, watching the inauguration kind of being, you know, disturbed and frustrated that this was our new president."
  },
  {
    "start": 216.11,
    "end": 226.05,
    "text": "But then that night, the very first day of his presidency, that one of the first executive orders was to reevaluate and align foreign assistance to his policies."
  },
  {
    "start": 226.67,
    "end": 229.41,
    "text": "I had this feeling in my stomach that, oh, wow."
  },
  {
    "start": 229.69,
    "end": 233.01,
    "text": "I was prepared, I thought, for the worst for four years."
  },
  {
    "start": 233.59,
    "end": 243.29,
    "text": "And I don't think I could have possibly imagined it being logarithmically worse than I was imagining."
  },
  {
    "start": 243.33,
    "end": 244.95,
    "text": "I thought my imagination was pretty vivid."
  },
  {
    "start": 245.11,
    "end": 257.829,
    "text": "And January, twentieth, and then I will say the next two weeks, the stop work orders, the language coming out, the dismantling of USAID, the utter racism directed at South Africa."
  },
  {
    "start": 258.07,
    "end": 262.15,
    "text": "It was just this litany of things within the first week of this administration."
  },
  {
    "start": 263.39,
    "end": 273.89,
    "text": "And I think the worst part is that now we're, you know, eleven months in and I don't think we've even seen the worst, which is perhaps the scariest thing to think about right now."
  },
  {
    "start": 274.59,
    "end": 283.13,
    "text": "Yes, after eleven months we haven't seen the worst yet, what these measures have to do with the effects."
  },
  {
    "start": 283.21,
    "end": 286.83,
    "text": "He only has a few examples in the health sector, especially in the HIV sector."
  },
  {
    "start": 287.31,
    "end": 290.65,
    "text": "And you can already feel that on all levels."
  },
  {
    "start": 290.99,
    "end": 294.41,
    "text": "So the supply supply is broken away for people with HIV."
  },
  {
    "start": 295.57,
    "end": 298.13,
    "text": "Many people have fallen out of treatment."
  },
  {
    "start": 298.17,
    "end": 299.95,
    "text": "The number of HIV tests is down."
  },
  {
    "start": 300.89,
    "end": 305.99,
    "text": "And of course, new diagnoses are much more unconscious now have HIV."
  },
  {
    "start": 306.75,
    "end": 308.45,
    "text": "And of course, there is less access to PrEP."
  },
  {
    "start": 308.55,
    "end": 310.75,
    "text": "And how do we engrave?"
  },
  {
    "start": 310.87,
    "end": 316.57,
    "text": "The following sentence says that it is still unclear, because also the data increase that PEPFAR has made."
  },
  {
    "start": 316.65,
    "end": 324.11,
    "text": "That was introduced and it was incredibly important to know where we are, what is the state of things, what is HIV."
  },
  {
    "start": 324.43,
    "end": 331.15,
    "text": "And of course, that has an effect on the complete health system worldwide."
  },
  {
    "start": 331.19,
    "end": 344.15,
    "text": "Yes, and I think our role as journalists is also to keep this effect and this change a little bit, so ultimately to count the sick and the dead and to tell their stories."
  },
  {
    "start": 345.43,
    "end": 352.99,
    "text": "I have mit Stephanie Nolan gesprochen, weil das vermutlich die Person ist, die mehr von den unmittelbaren Auswirkungen weltweit gesehen hat als irgendein anderer Reporter."
  },
  {
    "start": 353.81,
    "end": 361.61,
    "text": "Sie ist die Reporterin für globale Gesundheit in New York Times und wir hatten ja schon mal mit ihr gesprochen in der Folge zu HIV in Südafrika und den AIDS Leugnern."
  },
  {
    "start": 362.19,
    "end": 368.55,
    "text": "Das ging zurück zu der Zeit in den neunzigern, wo sie als Reporterin in Südafrika war, damals noch als Korrespondentin für The Globe and Mail."
  },
  {
    "start": 370.91,
    "end": 381.97,
    "text": "But this year she just drove to many places for the"
  },
  {
    "start": 384.09,
    "end": 392.73,
    "text": "New York Times, where the effects of this help shortcut were to be seen."
  },
  {
    "start": 392.87,
    "end": 400.31,
    "text": "And a memory of this description from that time directly after the help was stopped"
  },
  {
    "start": 400.53,
    "end": 402.61,
    "text": "overnight in February."
  },
  {
    "start": 411.13,
    "end": 424.63,
    "text": "It was just awful."
  },
  {
    "start": 425.83,
    "end": 429.75,
    "text": "Dutzende Leute auf sie und am Anfang gänze okay ist das jetzt hier ein Treffen oder so?"
  },
  {
    "start": 429.89,
    "end": 433.17,
    "text": "die sind tatsächlich alle da um mit ihr zu sprechen."
  },
  {
    "start": 433.55,
    "end": 439.75,
    "text": "And i wanna be there for the next i don't know six hours sitting under a mango tree on one of those plain little wooden benches."
  },
  {
    "start": 439.83,
    "end": 446.71,
    "text": "well family after family after family came up to talk to me and they were all people with suspected TV or."
  },
  {
    "start": 446.75,
    "end": 456.91,
    "text": "they were they were somewhere early in the diagnosis chain and their diagnosis had frozen when the stop work order came."
  },
  {
    "start": 457.39,
    "end": 460.35,
    "text": "and so they knew that their kids were sick."
  },
  {
    "start": 460.61,
    "end": 474.81,
    "text": "and but the sample like had been taken to the lab already but the results hadn't come back because the US used to pay for the phone the cell phone air time that allowed labs to call back to villages and say who was infected or um."
  },
  {
    "start": 475.61,
    "end": 488.21,
    "text": "They had a confirmed tb case but the results from whether or not they had so the genetic sequencing that would say whether they had drug resistant or not had not come back and so health workers were not then allowed to start them on drugs."
  },
  {
    "start": 500.43,
    "end": 510.53,
    "text": "Kinder schwer krank sind und eine Sache die ich daran interessant fand war dass das eben dieser moment ist im februar wo auch noch nicht so reagiert wird glaube ich."
  },
  {
    "start": 510.59,
    "end": 518.75,
    "text": "also die sind noch in schockstarre und deswegen werden dann zum beispiel Kinder nach wie vor nicht behandelt die eigentlich die diagnose jetzt bekommen haben."
  },
  {
    "start": 518.849,
    "end": 528.449,
    "text": "aber weil sozusagen das Ergebnis noch nicht zurückgekommen ist ob das jetzt eine resistente tv ist oder nicht also da wurde sehr schnell klar auf wie vielen ebenen das system gerade zusammenricht sagt sie"
  },
  {
    "start": 528.77,
    "end": 549.849,
    "text": "kind of hearing about where they were each one of those people in that chain was just like incredibly illustrative to me of the million ways that us money like the tentacles of where they were all the way through this system which it became clear to me talking to health officials in the next like over the rest of the time that I was there."
  },
  {
    "start": 549.989,
    "end": 555.29,
    "text": "they hadn't realized right and it was only as people turned around to do something and it didn't work anymore."
  },
  {
    "start": 555.329,
    "end": 571.329,
    "text": "it's like the tower goes out in your house and you you know you flick the light switch a few times and then you go into the next room and you try to turn something on and like you gradually get reminded of how many things run on electricity which you kind of knew but you hadn't really been like always paying attention to."
  },
  {
    "start": 572.209,
    "end": 578.03,
    "text": "It was just like all these things fell away and so that was."
  },
  {
    "start": 578.75,
    "end": 579.41,
    "text": "Terrifying."
  },
  {
    "start": 579.449,
    "end": 588.53,
    "text": "I think this comparison is also interesting from you that you say it's a little bit like when the electricity falls at home and you actually know that everything needs electricity and yet this automatism is there, right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 588.65,
    "end": 592.229,
    "text": "You go to the next room and wonder if the light doesn't turn on or something like that."
  },
  {
    "start": 592.27,
    "end": 596.329,
    "text": "And so she says it was just on so many levels in the health system."
  },
  {
    "start": 596.63,
    "end": 604.069,
    "text": "that the people knew rationally that the US money is behind it, but in the eyes, if it doesn't work anymore, it doesn't exist anymore."
  },
  {
    "start": 604.13,
    "end": 611.03,
    "text": "Yes, that's an example that you also mentioned, and what I hear so often when I'm on the road there, is to charge that with the phone."
  },
  {
    "start": 611.069,
    "end": 619.63,
    "text": "If you don't have money to charge the phone, the health worker, if they... these few drops, they're really just a few cents that you need for that, but they simply don't have that money."
  },
  {
    "start": 620.189,
    "end": 627.489,
    "text": "And then you can't share the diagnosis about the phone, because often people are really far away somewhere and... What is it about the telephone?"
  },
  {
    "start": 627.53,
    "end": 632.01,
    "text": "There are so little things that it becomes clear when you're on the road, especially."
  },
  {
    "start": 633.29,
    "end": 635.75,
    "text": "But we were also dying for our episodes."
  },
  {
    "start": 636.63,
    "end": 642.329,
    "text": "That was the first episode we did about these cuts in the USA, which had an impact."
  },
  {
    "start": 642.489,
    "end": 644.449,
    "text": "We also talked to people from Kenya."
  },
  {
    "start": 644.489,
    "end": 646.65,
    "text": "And we also talked to people from South Africa."
  },
  {
    "start": 647.75,
    "end": 650.81,
    "text": "And South Africa is really a country that has very, very high HIV rates."
  },
  {
    "start": 652.67,
    "end": 658.209,
    "text": "It's not so important to buy the medicines, because they can finance the country themselves."
  },
  {
    "start": 658.25,
    "end": 663.349,
    "text": "But also here, for example, the nurses who distribute the medicines will be fired."
  },
  {
    "start": 663.41,
    "end": 665.31,
    "text": "And then the people won't get their medicines again."
  },
  {
    "start": 665.67,
    "end": 671.41,
    "text": "We also talked to Linda Gell-Bäcker this year, a very important HIV researcher from South Africa."
  },
  {
    "start": 671.51,
    "end": 679.569,
    "text": "She also said that she expected something bad to happen in the future, which will be brought to us by Trump in the year of twenty-five."
  },
  {
    "start": 679.709,
    "end": 683.25,
    "text": "But in the end, she actually said it was a nuclear bomb."
  },
  {
    "start": 683.489,
    "end": 689.949,
    "text": "And above all, she says, of course, you can see the direct effects of what we have talked about now."
  },
  {
    "start": 690.01,
    "end": 701.989,
    "text": "But what you don't notice yet, because this is more about the background, is what this means for research."
  },
  {
    "start": 702.75,
    "end": 710.05,
    "text": "That isn't quite as explosive because it doesn't mean people will die or not get their care or not get their prevention."
  },
  {
    "start": 710.43,
    "end": 736.569,
    "text": "But it does mean there's going to be a gap in research, innovation, this amazing relationship we've had with And I'm speaking as South African researchers here, South Africa, not only our region, but South Africa, in terms of its contribution to the global knowledge base, including America's kind of lessons, there is gonna be a gap there."
  },
  {
    "start": 738.089,
    "end": 750.209,
    "text": "And that's devastating because we've had the thirty-five years of the most productive relationship and it's been... it's been magic in some ways."
  },
  {
    "start": 750.39,
    "end": 756.349,
    "text": "And I was reflecting on this, sometimes you have to have something taken away to really appreciate how important it was."
  },
  {
    "start": 757.17,
    "end": 763.05,
    "text": "And that certainly has been this year of recognizing just what we had, what it meant."
  },
  {
    "start": 764.349,
    "end": 765.77,
    "text": "what we were able to achieve."
  },
  {
    "start": 766.369,
    "end": 768.329,
    "text": "I mean, we aren't giving up, right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 768.829,
    "end": 772.349,
    "text": "And I certainly made that statement in July."
  },
  {
    "start": 772.449,
    "end": 773.51,
    "text": "We will not go back."
  },
  {
    "start": 773.589,
    "end": 775.329,
    "text": "We cannot go back to where we were."
  },
  {
    "start": 776.069,
    "end": 777.15,
    "text": "We have to move forward."
  },
  {
    "start": 777.229,
    "end": 781.369,
    "text": "But there is no doubt it will be a different moving forward in the future."
  },
  {
    "start": 782.089,
    "end": 787.709,
    "text": "Yes, that's going to be different now."
  },
  {
    "start": 788.869,
    "end": 792.189,
    "text": "They have to keep going."
  },
  {
    "start": 792.25,
    "end": 798.209,
    "text": "They can't go back in this fight against HIV."
  },
  {
    "start": 798.609,
    "end": 801.489,
    "text": "So that's how much has been achieved."
  },
  {
    "start": 801.53,
    "end": 804.349,
    "text": "And you can't take a step back now."
  },
  {
    "start": 805.609,
    "end": 811.29,
    "text": "It's interesting, because one of the memories Stephanie Nolan shared with me goes exactly in the other direction."
  },
  {
    "start": 811.39,
    "end": 820.31,
    "text": "In this feeling that we are already a bit far back in the past, she was in Eswatini, basically right next to me."
  },
  {
    "start": 820.39,
    "end": 828.989,
    "text": "And there is the fear gewesen und ich fand die Erinnerung auch deswegen interessant weil es da um Stärke um die Kinder geht."
  },
  {
    "start": 829.03,
    "end": 833.329,
    "text": "oder muss ich immer klar machen selbst Dinge die theoretisch noch bezahlt werden oder so es ist halt."
  },
  {
    "start": 833.39,
    "end": 835.25,
    "text": "in der Praxis braucht es halt häufig sehr viel Aufwand."
  },
  {
    "start": 835.29,
    "end": 835.949,
    "text": "Eswatini hat."
  },
  {
    "start": 837.17,
    "end": 844.189,
    "text": "Wegen der HIV Pandemie sehr sehr viele weisen Kinder natürlich und diese weisen Kinder."
  },
  {
    "start": 854.67,
    "end": 868.729,
    "text": "Some of those"
  },
  {
    "start": 868.989,
    "end": 871.189,
    "text": "community health workers took me out into some villages."
  },
  {
    "start": 871.989,
    "end": 873.189,
    "text": "And we were walking like the."
  },
  {
    "start": 873.55,
    "end": 875.89,
    "text": "it was like the."
  },
  {
    "start": 876.209,
    "end": 884.13,
    "text": "Late in the afternoon and the light was really beautiful and coppery and we were walking between these little round houses and people were the kids were sort of outside playing soccer and."
  },
  {
    "start": 885.089,
    "end": 891.39,
    "text": "Women were starting to cook for the evening and we walked around looking for these kids and."
  },
  {
    "start": 891.81,
    "end": 903.63,
    "text": "i just you know when they were saying like this kid is not on treatment and will go to the house of that little boy who has not come for three weeks now to get his treatment or this little girl has not had her treatment for two months."
  },
  {
    "start": 904.349,
    "end": 905.51,
    "text": "and i just."
  },
  {
    "start": 905.63,
    "end": 909.75,
    "text": "it was like time travel like it was like time travel to two thousand two like it was just like."
  },
  {
    "start": 910.53,
    "end": 914.17,
    "text": "how am i how am i back in this place."
  },
  {
    "start": 914.77,
    "end": 929.13,
    "text": "when we have made so much progress and where a sweatini like of all countries has shown with incredibly limited resources how you could put together with obviously huge US help a gold standard a gold standard public health program."
  },
  {
    "start": 929.329,
    "end": 943.569,
    "text": "and it was just like like I. just it was exactly like being there twenty five years ago except at that moment HIV and Swatini was so hopeless and there was no treatment and everyone was dying."
  },
  {
    "start": 944.13,
    "end": 951.709,
    "text": "And now you've had this intervening twenty five years and all of a sudden I was back in these same villages and people were saying we just don't know how anyone's going to survive this."
  },
  {
    "start": 952.41,
    "end": 964.369,
    "text": "Yeah, I think that these people still have, like Stephanie Nolan, or Linda Gerbecker, who took this experience with them, to make it clear, this whole progress."
  },
  {
    "start": 964.55,
    "end": 968.209,
    "text": "And now they see that this is... At least in danger."
  },
  {
    "start": 968.25,
    "end": 972.25,
    "text": "If I share, so to speak, we will be back in the beginning."
  },
  {
    "start": 972.65,
    "end": 977.31,
    "text": "That's very depressing now, but I thought, maybe we'll start the episode better."
  },
  {
    "start": 977.369,
    "end": 982.609,
    "text": "That's like someone who worked on it for the last twenty-five years."
  },
  {
    "start": 982.79,
    "end": 984.77,
    "text": "That's the point in which we are now."
  },
  {
    "start": 984.869,
    "end": 988.689,
    "text": "So to speak, developing from there on, of course, depends on many things."
  },
  {
    "start": 988.729,
    "end": 991.17,
    "text": "We said, we don't just want to pack the bad things on the"
  },
  {
    "start": 991.209,
    "end": 991.29,
    "text": "table."
  },
  {
    "start": 991.349,
    "end": 999.29,
    "text": "Of course, there were progress, there was research that was groundbreaking."
  },
  {
    "start": 999.329,
    "end": 1005.369,
    "text": "One of the people we talked about was Christian Happi, a Cameroonian researcher who lives in Nigeria."
  },
  {
    "start": 1005.469,
    "end": 1013.39,
    "text": "He was selected from the Time magazine just in twenty-five years, one of the most influential people in the world."
  },
  {
    "start": 1013.689,
    "end": 1020.369,
    "text": "He runs a virus early recognition network to find out where the next deadly pandemic is coming from."
  },
  {
    "start": 1020.41,
    "end": 1024.63,
    "text": "And for that, he just got a hundred million dollars from the MacArthur Foundation."
  },
  {
    "start": 1024.75,
    "end": 1025.93,
    "text": "So that's pretty impressive."
  },
  {
    "start": 1026.25,
    "end": 1029.349,
    "text": "And of course, that also brings him forward."
  },
  {
    "start": 1030.19,
    "end": 1031.869,
    "text": "And he said what was incredibly important."
  },
  {
    "start": 1031.909,
    "end": 1038.99,
    "text": "in the year twenty, twenty-five was the foundation of the African Medicine Agency."
  },
  {
    "start": 1039.069,
    "end": 1046.069,
    "text": "So it was already... It was founded in the year twenty-one and twenty-one by the member states of the African Union, the African Union."
  },
  {
    "start": 1046.649,
    "end": 1050.25,
    "text": "But it really started in the year twenty-five and twenty-five."
  },
  {
    "start": 1050.77,
    "end": 1053.889,
    "text": "And you can compare it with the European Medicines Agency."
  },
  {
    "start": 1054.11,
    "end": 1063.25,
    "text": "And the goal is that the medicine regulation on the continent, on the African continent, should be strengthened by national permission."
  },
  {
    "start": 1063.29,
    "end": 1104.169,
    "text": "to be harmonized and the development and production of medicines and medicines in Africa should be supported and that you can get together and get medicines together in order not to be dependent on other continents, from the West as well."
  },
  {
    "start": 1104.23,
    "end": 1117.71,
    "text": "And I said, it was incredibly important, the experience from the COVID-IX pandemic, because it showed that It is extremely risky that Africa is so dependent on other countries of the global north."
  },
  {
    "start": 1118.55,
    "end": 1130.35,
    "text": "What drug they want to use, what medicine they want to use, would have been told by an agency in Geneva, whether they are good enough, or if you want to buy medicine, they will say, oh, it hasn't gone through the go-to qualifications and everything."
  },
  {
    "start": 1130.47,
    "end": 1131.51,
    "text": "Why can't we do all of those?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1131.57,
    "end": 1135.85,
    "text": "Why can't they do all of those processes on the continent without having to refer to WHO?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1135.929,
    "end": 1146.81,
    "text": "the WHO or another European organisation has to decide for the African continent which medicine will be delivered, how it will be delivered."
  },
  {
    "start": 1147.11,
    "end": 1148.81,
    "text": "So that simply makes no sense in"
  },
  {
    "start": 1149.429,
    "end": 1149.61,
    "text": "his eyes."
  },
  {
    "start": 1149.649,
    "end": 1152.19,
    "text": "Yes, of course, that's one of the things you don't think much about."
  },
  {
    "start": 1152.23,
    "end": 1154.149,
    "text": "But if you talk about inequality, we've talked about it before."
  },
  {
    "start": 1154.19,
    "end": 1164.87,
    "text": "The inequality now between the global south and the north, for example, is also the regulatory capacity, the experience and the structures to assess medicines quickly and all that."
  },
  {
    "start": 1164.909,
    "end": 1168.95,
    "text": "There is a huge difference and that is of course totally important."
  },
  {
    "start": 1169.01,
    "end": 1170.35,
    "text": "That's been the case for years."
  },
  {
    "start": 1170.79,
    "end": 1179.59,
    "text": "In this case, it is of course an important step in the direction that more decisions can also be made by people on the African continent for the African continent."
  },
  {
    "start": 1179.649,
    "end": 1182.61,
    "text": "But of course it also means to build expertise."
  },
  {
    "start": 1183.31,
    "end": 1195.45,
    "text": "And that goes a bit in a way, I think, with the other big breakthrough of the year on this level."
  },
  {
    "start": 1198.27,
    "end": 1206.889,
    "text": "And that's the pandemic contract."
  },
  {
    "start": 1208.149,
    "end": 1212.19,
    "text": "We also talked about it in a whole episode."
  },
  {
    "start": 1214.35,
    "end": 1214.35,
    "text": "I"
  },
  {
    "start": 1218.09,
    "end": 1221.169,
    "text": "find this an absolutely incredible achievement."
  },
  {
    "start": 1222.11,
    "end": 1233.929,
    "text": "In a time where countries are going insular, when there's all these threats on multilateralism and cooperation, coordination, the countries came together and said, no, we actually believe we need this."
  },
  {
    "start": 1235.29,
    "end": 1242.57,
    "text": "I'm not so concerned about every word that's in there, and it's an imperfect document, but there's so much that's in there that we can work with."
  },
  {
    "start": 1243.55,
    "end": 1248.21,
    "text": "that, you know, it's comprehensive in the sense that it It does include a one-health approach."
  },
  {
    "start": 1248.29,
    "end": 1248.929,
    "text": "It does look at"
  },
  {
    "start": 1248.99,
    "end": 1249.669,
    "text": "drivers for"
  },
  {
    "start": 1250.37,
    "end": 1252.49,
    "text": "spillover and epidemics and outbreaks."
  },
  {
    "start": 1252.83,
    "end": 1254.09,
    "text": "It looks at supply chain, it looks at"
  },
  {
    "start": 1256.73,
    "end": 1256.75,
    "text": "R&D."
  },
  {
    "start": 1257.99,
    "end": 1273.71,
    "text": "Guilty werden wenn dieses zusatz protokoll noch ausgerhandelt wird zu einem der schwierigsten Themen nämlich access benefit sharing."
  },
  {
    "start": 1273.79,
    "end": 1284.69,
    "text": "also wie man bei der nächsten pandemie dafür sorgt dass der einseitigen sequenzen und so weiter global geteilt werden aber dann eben auch im stoffe medikamente diagnostiker eben auch im globalen süden verfügbar sind."
  },
  {
    "start": 1285.169,
    "end": 1286.909,
    "text": "also das da gibt es noch einiges zu tun."
  },
  {
    "start": 1286.97,
    "end": 1289.07,
    "text": "es wird zwanzig sechsund zwanzig total spannend sein zu sehen."
  },
  {
    "start": 1289.99,
    "end": 1291.01,
    "text": "What exactly happened there?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1291.05,
    "end": 1293.649,
    "text": "I also talked to John Arne Röttingen about it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1293.95,
    "end": 1299.23,
    "text": "He is very important in the global architecture of health, because he lights the Wellcome Trust."
  },
  {
    "start": 1299.27,
    "end": 1311.27,
    "text": "One of the biggest foundations in the world, which is currently in this area, actually support the research, especially in the global health sector and climate change, but are very big players together with Gates."
  },
  {
    "start": 1311.31,
    "end": 1320.629,
    "text": "He also said that he believes that we have to achieve something big enough so that he doesn't really worry about it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1320.669,
    "end": 1323.99,
    "text": "So he believes that there will be a unity."
  },
  {
    "start": 1324.03,
    "end": 1324.409,
    "text": "But you never know."
  },
  {
    "start": 1324.45,
    "end": 1329.649,
    "text": "And that's why it's going to be a very, very big topic to see whether they really"
  },
  {
    "start": 1329.71,
    "end": 1330.03,
    "text": "agree there."
  },
  {
    "start": 1330.07,
    "end": 1330.19,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 1330.23,
    "end": 1334.55,
    "text": "That were two important institutional breakthroughs or progress."
  },
  {
    "start": 1334.69,
    "end": 1348.01,
    "text": "But the biggest and most important breakthroughs are actually new tools in the fight against some of our most dangerous diseases that we have around the world."
  },
  {
    "start": 1348.05,
    "end": 1352.47,
    "text": "And there, of course, was a very special agent in the conversation, Lena Kappavir."
  },
  {
    "start": 1352.51,
    "end": 1352.75,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 1352.85,
    "end": 1354.629,
    "text": "We also made a whole episode about it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1354.79,
    "end": 1357.129,
    "text": "A huge, important topic."
  },
  {
    "start": 1357.389,
    "end": 1361.53,
    "text": "for those who may not have heard it yet or are no longer aware of it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1361.81,
    "end": 1368.77,
    "text": "Lena Kappavir is a medicine that has to be sprayed every six months and then can prevent HIV infections."
  },
  {
    "start": 1368.929,
    "end": 1373.49,
    "text": "That means that it is a new tool that could really move a lot in HIV prevention."
  },
  {
    "start": 1373.81,
    "end": 1378.31,
    "text": "But I think you talked to Mitchell Warren about it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1378.35,
    "end": 1379.49,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 1379.59,
    "end": 1385.77,
    "text": "I didn't actually talk to him about it, but his take away for the year of the year was Lena Kappawir."
  },
  {
    "start": 1385.81,
    "end": 1392.889,
    "text": "And it was very funny, because I talked to him and shortly afterwards with Linda Gale-Bäcker, who was involved in the research by Lena Kappawir."
  },
  {
    "start": 1393.25,
    "end": 1401.61,
    "text": "And he celebrated the medication and her so much, that I told her afterwards, because she was so modest, that she kept her back somehow."
  },
  {
    "start": 1401.649,
    "end": 1403.81,
    "text": "But in any case, he celebrated it totally."
  },
  {
    "start": 1405.59,
    "end": 1409.29,
    "text": "truly, literally our greatest shot at prevention that we've had in forty four years."
  },
  {
    "start": 1410.23,
    "end": 1417.25,
    "text": "A near perfect protective level if it's delivered according to the dosing schedule."
  },
  {
    "start": 1417.29,
    "end": 1420.99,
    "text": "So every six months and you start with some oral tablets."
  },
  {
    "start": 1421.05,
    "end": 1422.429,
    "text": "So it's not without its challenges."
  },
  {
    "start": 1422.81,
    "end": 1427.53,
    "text": "But if we can scale this up with speed and with equity."
  },
  {
    "start": 1428.649,
    "end": 1432.629,
    "text": "around the world, we could actually make up for lost time."
  },
  {
    "start": 1434.37,
    "end": 1442.37,
    "text": "The world was doing very well with treatment, and there's a lot of recovery happening right now since January in the treatment space, getting back on track."
  },
  {
    "start": 1442.45,
    "end": 1445.169,
    "text": "But prevention was much further behind."
  },
  {
    "start": 1445.73,
    "end": 1450.49,
    "text": "I believe Lenna Kappavir can really supercharge our prevention programs."
  },
  {
    "start": 1452.03,
    "end": 1455.03,
    "text": "If it's delivered with speed, scale, and equity."
  },
  {
    "start": 1455.11,
    "end": 1462.87,
    "text": "And the good news is PEPFAR, who really abandoned prevention in January completely, did in September this year, come back into the conversation."
  },
  {
    "start": 1463.27,
    "end": 1464.929,
    "text": "So PEPFAR is working with the Global Fund."
  },
  {
    "start": 1465.03,
    "end": 1467.19,
    "text": "They're working with a range of countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 1467.87,
    "end": 1470.69,
    "text": "So I do believe we could get back on track."
  },
  {
    "start": 1471.59,
    "end": 1477.31,
    "text": "And I think the next year is really going to be a critical moment to decide if twenty thirties, even in the realm of possible."
  },
  {
    "start": 1478.389,
    "end": 1486.03,
    "text": "to prevent HIV infections, with almost perfect protection."
  },
  {
    "start": 1486.129,
    "end": 1489.649,
    "text": "The results were really unbelievable from these studies."
  },
  {
    "start": 1490.409,
    "end": 1492.97,
    "text": "And now it's being rolled out slowly in some countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 1494.19,
    "end": 1499.53,
    "text": "So that could really put the HIV prevention program on the mind and really make a lot of money."
  },
  {
    "start": 1499.669,
    "end": 1513.03,
    "text": "And I asked him too, because actually not now at the beginning not, but now the USA is standing behind and gives money that it is rolled out in the different countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 1513.11,
    "end": 1518.99,
    "text": "And I asked him why now the Americans, who actually moved back quite a bit, had to support it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1519.429,
    "end": 1521.73,
    "text": "And he said, well, you have to say, these are economic reasons again."
  },
  {
    "start": 1522.389,
    "end": 1527.85,
    "text": "The USA, so the medicine was developed in the USA by Gilead, by the companies."
  },
  {
    "start": 1527.99,
    "end": 1531.889,
    "text": "Then it comes to the fact that, as I said, the data was really extraordinary."
  },
  {
    "start": 1533.09,
    "end": 1538.629,
    "text": "And he says, of course, there are still Leute die auf datensätzen innerhalb von pep war."
  },
  {
    "start": 1538.79,
    "end": 1550.35,
    "text": "also der sagt das die die ist die setz noch immer auf evidenz basierte prävention und wissenschaftliche erkenntnisse und das ist bei dem medikament wie gesagt da kann man dann wenig falsch machen wenn man das richtig anwendet"
  },
  {
    "start": 1550.73,
    "end": 1551.21,
    "text": "ist ganz interessant."
  },
  {
    "start": 1551.25,
    "end": 1553.77,
    "text": "ich glaube es hat auch sehr viel so mit philosophie zu tun."
  },
  {
    "start": 1553.83,
    "end": 1557.409,
    "text": "also die lieben diese technologischen lösung dieses so ein ding."
  },
  {
    "start": 1557.61,
    "end": 1558.55,
    "text": "so man gibt das einmal."
  },
  {
    "start": 1558.61,
    "end": 1562.01,
    "text": "das ist viel leichter glaube ich die leute die da in charge sind davon zu überzeugen."
  },
  {
    "start": 1562.07,
    "end": 1569.81,
    "text": "moment als We have to do an education program for young people and we have to move social things."
  },
  {
    "start": 1569.929,
    "end": 1575.669,
    "text": "But we also talked about it in the episode."
  },
  {
    "start": 1575.77,
    "end": 1590.11,
    "text": "At the end of the episode, the success of Lena Kappa will of course be related to these social"
  },
  {
    "start": 1592.889,
    "end": 1606.47,
    "text": "accompanying things, because a syringe alone has to take care of people and want to do it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1606.53,
    "end": 1613.31,
    "text": "So I'm really curious how it can actually be implemented in practice, so to"
  },
  {
    "start": 1613.51,
    "end": 1613.59,
    "text": "speak."
  },
  {
    "start": 1613.69,
    "end": 1620.81,
    "text": "I look at Lena Kappavir and I say, we as a community working in HIV have got to build for the future."
  },
  {
    "start": 1621.29,
    "end": 1624.149,
    "text": "We can't build back to January nineteenth, twenty twenty-five."
  },
  {
    "start": 1624.19,
    "end": 1626.51,
    "text": "We can't make USAID come back."
  },
  {
    "start": 1626.59,
    "end": 1629.69,
    "text": "We can't bring back organizations and and projects."
  },
  {
    "start": 1630.29,
    "end": 1632.07,
    "text": "We have to build forward something very different."
  },
  {
    "start": 1632.169,
    "end": 1634.61,
    "text": "And and I think Lena Kappavir is a core part of that."
  },
  {
    "start": 1635.169,
    "end": 1640.95,
    "text": "And and so I will take the administration at its word that it believes in Lena Kappavir."
  },
  {
    "start": 1641.47,
    "end": 1645.129,
    "text": "Some of it cynically, perhaps transactionally, some of it based on the evidence."
  },
  {
    "start": 1646.21,
    "end": 1649.53,
    "text": "But right now, we need to take advantage of the opportunity and not squander it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1650.09,
    "end": 1654.11,
    "text": "Sadly, HIV has squandered PrEP for now, fifteen years."
  },
  {
    "start": 1654.19,
    "end": 1659.71,
    "text": "We first learned that oral PrEP was safe and effective in November of twenty-ten."
  },
  {
    "start": 1660.09,
    "end": 1663.31,
    "text": "It's the fifteenth anniversary to know that PrEP was safe and effective."
  },
  {
    "start": 1663.73,
    "end": 1669.71,
    "text": "And way before this president came into politics, we as a community squandered opportunity."
  },
  {
    "start": 1670.169,
    "end": 1677.35,
    "text": "So I want to seize this opportunity, whether it's this administration or any other, because This can't be about the politics of the United States."
  },
  {
    "start": 1677.389,
    "end": 1680.47,
    "text": "This has to be about the opportunity to end HIV as a public health threat."
  },
  {
    "start": 1681.35,
    "end": 1687.71,
    "text": "We have to see how available the medicine is, how many people"
  },
  {
    "start": 1689.53,
    "end": 1690.25,
    "text": "want it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1690.57,
    "end": 1692.49,
    "text": "It's a prevention tool."
  },
  {
    "start": 1692.55,
    "end": 1715.649,
    "text": "People have to have the feeling that it fits in their lives and covers a risk that they have and so on."
  },
  {
    "start": 1717.79,
    "end": 1723.11,
    "text": "It will be totally interesting to see."
  },
  {
    "start": 1723.149,
    "end": 1724.95,
    "text": "But it's always the thing that's so exciting."
  },
  {
    "start": 1724.99,
    "end": 1725.79,
    "text": "Because we're doing a pandemic."
  },
  {
    "start": 1726.11,
    "end": 1729.49,
    "text": "One is the medical breakthrough or the research breakthrough."
  },
  {
    "start": 1729.53,
    "end": 1733.149,
    "text": "The other is... Social society here."
  },
  {
    "start": 1733.19,
    "end": 1735.389,
    "text": "We get the people the social exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 1735.57,
    "end": 1735.71,
    "text": "Yeah."
  },
  {
    "start": 1736.79,
    "end": 1737.69,
    "text": "We were sent to the U.S."
  },
  {
    "start": 1737.73,
    "end": 1740.37,
    "text": "It has many dimensions and that plays a role in the next topic."
  },
  {
    "start": 1740.409,
    "end": 1743.77,
    "text": "Because at the end of the year there were still good news."
  },
  {
    "start": 1744.71,
    "end": 1748.23,
    "text": "They are actually still so new that we still had no chance to talk about it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1748.59,
    "end": 1754.37,
    "text": "The one thing I was in Toronto at the meeting of American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene."
  },
  {
    "start": 1754.409,
    "end": 1759.409,
    "text": "That's the big meeting of the group medicine researchers and."
  },
  {
    "start": 1759.57,
    "end": 1767.889,
    "text": "There was the big news that the study for a new medicine for malaria was closed and positive results had."
  },
  {
    "start": 1768.73,
    "end": 1769.71,
    "text": "And that was totally important."
  },
  {
    "start": 1769.75,
    "end": 1770.889,
    "text": "So it was a phase three study."
  },
  {
    "start": 1771.11,
    "end": 1773.83,
    "text": "So the next thing that comes is basically the leave."
  },
  {
    "start": 1773.87,
    "end": 1779.47,
    "text": "And this medicine is very important because it is not based on atymosinine."
  },
  {
    "start": 1779.55,
    "end": 1783.389,
    "text": "We will talk a little more about malaria in the year of twenty-six."
  },
  {
    "start": 1783.429,
    "end": 1785.55,
    "text": "In this case, everything comes up again."
  },
  {
    "start": 1785.669,
    "end": 1786.05,
    "text": "But only roughly."
  },
  {
    "start": 1786.09,
    "end": 1790.31,
    "text": "Basically, we have been using it for more than twenty years."
  },
  {
    "start": 1790.35,
    "end": 1794.429,
    "text": "Atemicinine as the medicine against malaria."
  },
  {
    "start": 1795.05,
    "end": 1803.35,
    "text": "So that's in all the That's in the regular combination of preparations that are given out, but they all contain this substance or a derivative of Atemicinine."
  },
  {
    "start": 1803.429,
    "end": 1814.83,
    "text": "And that has a totally interesting story because it's the parade example for a medicine that was discovered, in which you ultimately looked for traditional Chinese medicine for effective substances that have been used for a long time."
  },
  {
    "start": 1814.889,
    "end": 1820.33,
    "text": "In any case, it will be Breit auf der ganzen welt eingesetzt."
  },
  {
    "start": 1821.09,
    "end": 1843.909,
    "text": "aber wir sehen zunehmend resisten dagegen und das ist eine riesige sorge weil wir im grund um nichts anderes mehr haben und darum war die suche seit Jahren jetzt okay wir brauchen medikamente die nicht auf atomisinin basieren und da hatte eben novates ein medikament entdeckt vor vielen jahren in so einem riesigen screen wo die einfach millionen substanzen durchschauen ob die irgendeine wirksamkeit haben gegen die malaria parasiten."
  },
  {
    "start": 1844.45,
    "end": 1854.49,
    "text": "und da haben sie eben eins gefunden garna placid heißt das And that kind of placid and then combined with another medicament that's that's also already used together in the moment with Artemisinin."
  },
  {
    "start": 1855.57,
    "end": 1861.29,
    "text": "And this combination of preparations have now been tested against the standard medicaments that are used at the moment."
  },
  {
    "start": 1862.03,
    "end": 1864.19,
    "text": "And there it was just as successful."
  },
  {
    "start": 1864.53,
    "end": 1866.01,
    "text": "That means that can now finally."
  },
  {
    "start": 1867.45,
    "end": 1868.51,
    "text": "In the to lasung gehen."
  },
  {
    "start": 1868.61,
    "end": 1871.53,
    "text": "also es wird jetzt irgendwann im nächsten Jahr wahrscheinlich zugelassen werden."
  },
  {
    "start": 1871.929,
    "end": 1873.53,
    "text": "und dann hat man eben das erste mal."
  },
  {
    "start": 1873.61,
    "end": 1876.81,
    "text": "also die die forschung in den ich gesprochen hab die waren wirklich erleichtert."
  },
  {
    "start": 1876.889,
    "end": 1877.649,
    "text": "viele das sie gesagt haben."
  },
  {
    "start": 1877.69,
    "end": 1886.45,
    "text": "jetzt haben wir wenigstens etwas wo wir wissen wenn artemisinin wirklich wirklich nicht mehr funktioniert in teilen der welt dann haben wir etwas anderes."
  },
  {
    "start": 1887.01,
    "end": 1891.07,
    "text": "aber das spannende jetzt ist eben jetzt hat man dieses tool."
  },
  {
    "start": 1891.129,
    "end": 1893.79,
    "text": "dann demnächst und wie geht man jetzt damit um?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1894.33,
    "end": 1904.649,
    "text": "Because of course you want to prevent this, whenever we get into this resistance problem, then the question is, if you have a new tool, how do we prevent direct resistance?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1906.53,
    "end": 1913.71,
    "text": "And the question is, do you say, okay, we wait until the resistance rises for the old medicine, and only then do we put the new one in?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1914.87,
    "end": 1922.909,
    "text": "Or do you say, okay, we're changing this now, so to speak, from these two medications to... The lives of both of them, maybe a little bit to extend."
  },
  {
    "start": 1922.95,
    "end": 1924.77,
    "text": "So there are very interesting questions."
  },
  {
    "start": 1925.09,
    "end": 1931.87,
    "text": "And the diving is much more intense than the other breakthrough, which is now really only a few weeks back."
  },
  {
    "start": 1932.149,
    "end": 1937.99,
    "text": "And that is that we now have not only one, but two new antibiotics on the market for gonorrhoea."
  },
  {
    "start": 1938.29,
    "end": 1944.169,
    "text": "Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease, but it is also one of the diseases that are always on the list when it comes to antibiotic resistance."
  },
  {
    "start": 1944.429,
    "end": 1948.57,
    "text": "Because we are in the meantime in some places in the world."
  },
  {
    "start": 1950.149,
    "end": 1957.409,
    "text": "Gonorrhoids have that are actually resistant to all the medications."
  },
  {
    "start": 1957.45,
    "end": 1960.909,
    "text": "You can usually treat them by combining them or giving them higher doses and so on."
  },
  {
    "start": 1960.95,
    "end": 1969.649,
    "text": "But basically, the WHO has been making alarm for more than ten years that we are at a point where we can no longer treat them."
  },
  {
    "start": 1969.69,
    "end": 1972.69,
    "text": "And the treatment at the moment, CEF reaction, is also a injection."
  },
  {
    "start": 1972.97,
    "end": 1976.55,
    "text": "And now these two medications... They are now given oral."
  },
  {
    "start": 1977.97,
    "end": 1980.429,
    "text": "That means now you don't only have one, but two new medications."
  },
  {
    "start": 1980.47,
    "end": 1984.85,
    "text": "One thing that is very important is that one of these two medications is only allowed for gonorrhoea."
  },
  {
    "start": 1984.95,
    "end": 1993.149,
    "text": "It was developed by a pharmaceutical company, but together with GARP, so a partnership that wants to develop new antibiotics."
  },
  {
    "start": 1994.71,
    "end": 2001.35,
    "text": "And they just said they develop it under the pretext that it will only be used for this one disease, because that also helps to reduce resistance."
  },
  {
    "start": 2002.01,
    "end": 2007.35,
    "text": "And now the question is, Versuchen wir jetzt beide Medikamente gleichzeitig einzusetzen."
  },
  {
    "start": 2008.149,
    "end": 2013.97,
    "text": "Wartet man wie gesagt, dass das andere Medikament überhaupt nicht mehr funktioniert oder so selten funktioniert, dass es keinen Sinn mehr macht."
  },
  {
    "start": 2014.01,
    "end": 2020.889,
    "text": "und dann wechselt man und da gibt es interessante Modellierung Studien, wo Forscher eben so unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen angeguckt haben."
  },
  {
    "start": 2020.929,
    "end": 2023.35,
    "text": "Okay, wie lang würde es dauern bis Resistenzen auftauchen?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2023.49,
    "end": 2027.03,
    "text": "Und die haben festgestellt, dass das schlechteste Modell ist."
  },
  {
    "start": 2027.19,
    "end": 2028.61,
    "text": "Okay, wir warten bis in Resistenz."
  },
  {
    "start": 2029.87,
    "end": 2033.07,
    "text": "So weit ist das wir sozusagen das Medikament, das alte nicht mehr benutzen können."
  },
  {
    "start": 2033.57,
    "end": 2035.889,
    "text": "And then go completely to the new medicine."
  },
  {
    "start": 2036.05,
    "end": 2041.23,
    "text": "Because then you get the resistance for the new medicine in the shortest time."
  },
  {
    "start": 2041.27,
    "end": 2048.25,
    "text": "While giving both at the same time or in different places in the world, then giving the difference seems to work better."
  },
  {
    "start": 2048.35,
    "end": 2051.529,
    "text": "So that will be one of the exciting discussions of the year."
  },
  {
    "start": 2051.57,
    "end": 2054.31,
    "text": "How exactly should we use these new medicines?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2054.61,
    "end": 2062.83,
    "text": "And then of course there is the question again, only because I say something is the ideal way to get a resistance, then it doesn't mean that I can easily implement it in practice."
  },
  {
    "start": 2062.969,
    "end": 2071.489,
    "text": "So it's not easy to make sure that now, for example, the half of the model, I can just say, okay, the half of the people will now treat it with this medicine, the other with this."
  },
  {
    "start": 2071.59,
    "end": 2072.85,
    "text": "How does it look in practice?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2072.909,
    "end": 2078.13,
    "text": "Do doctors not have certain preferences and just give the same medication and so on?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2078.23,
    "end": 2084.17,
    "text": "So these questions, they will all be very acute in these two examples, with malaria and with gonorrhoea."
  },
  {
    "start": 2084.21,
    "end": 2090.27,
    "text": "But first of all, of course, it's just insanely important that we have new medications and of course that goes back to what Linda Gelbecker said to you."
  },
  {
    "start": 2090.35,
    "end": 2100.21,
    "text": "That is of course now, I will probably tell the one or the other story next year even more detailed, but these are of course stories that will go back ten, fifteen years in this development."
  },
  {
    "start": 2100.27,
    "end": 2101.99,
    "text": "These are the Ergebnisse davon."
  },
  {
    "start": 2102.79,
    "end": 2110.37,
    "text": "Und wenn man jetzt natürlich aufhört, oder viel weniger investiert in viele dieser Dinge, dann haben wir halt in zehn, fünfzehn Jahren weniger solche Durchbrüche zu feiern."
  },
  {
    "start": 2110.41,
    "end": 2111.63,
    "text": "Und das ist natürlich das Problem."
  },
  {
    "start": 2111.93,
    "end": 2115.09,
    "text": "Das ist im Moment im Grunde um Untergeht neben all den anderen Dingen, die ein Problem sind."
  },
  {
    "start": 2115.529,
    "end": 2119.31,
    "text": "Und was da natürlich reinspielt, ist dann auch die Frage, okay, hören wir überhaupt auf die Wissenschaft."
  },
  {
    "start": 2119.39,
    "end": 2125.75,
    "text": "Also wenn die Wissenschaft jetzt bestimmte Empfehlungen gibt, wie das eingesetzt werden sollte, hören wir dann überhaupt darauf."
  },
  {
    "start": 2125.85,
    "end": 2130.95,
    "text": "Und das halt hat Jon Arne Röttingen mir im Gespräch auch gesagt, dass das eine Sache ist, die im Grunde genommen am meisten Sorgen machen."
  },
  {
    "start": 2131.57,
    "end": 2139.009,
    "text": "is when this mistrust in science is added."
  },
  {
    "start": 2142.35,
    "end": 2147.97,
    "text": "What actually happens?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2159.43,
    "end": 2161.79,
    "text": "Make sure that such benefits can continue."
  },
  {
    "start": 2162.45,
    "end": 2168.07,
    "text": "We need people to use solutions and interventions rooted in science."
  },
  {
    "start": 2168.77,
    "end": 2171.41,
    "text": "So mistrust in science is a challenge."
  },
  {
    "start": 2172.49,
    "end": 2181.17,
    "text": "if we want to have such new tools and want to use them."
  },
  {
    "start": 2183.97,
    "end": 2192.07,
    "text": "And the other thing, we might have to"
  },
  {
    "start": 2192.81,
    "end": 2211.45,
    "text": "talk about money, because that is of course the other thing that all of this is connected, that we have talked about so far."
  },
  {
    "start": 2211.87,
    "end": 2217.99,
    "text": "As I said, we are back to this dependency."
  },
  {
    "start": 2218.029,
    "end": 2225.69,
    "text": "One of the things we talked about is of course Christian Hapi, who works in Nigeria."
  },
  {
    "start": 2226.71,
    "end": 2231.61,
    "text": "And he actually sees a pretty good chance in this short film."
  },
  {
    "start": 2231.65,
    "end": 2235.25,
    "text": "that the countries, especially on the African continent, take over the responsibility themselves."
  },
  {
    "start": 2235.41,
    "end": 2242.57,
    "text": "That the governments take over the responsibility, set up their health budgets better and pay for themselves."
  },
  {
    "start": 2242.69,
    "end": 2245.95,
    "text": "Because so far they have relied on money from abroad, on development money."
  },
  {
    "start": 2245.99,
    "end": 2249.33,
    "text": "Happy says it's good that they are forced to take responsibility."
  },
  {
    "start": 2249.45,
    "end": 2258.69,
    "text": "They need to be fully accountable, they need to take full responsibility of the health of their citizens, and then they shouldn't rely on help, on aid."
  },
  {
    "start": 2259.17,
    "end": 2262.65,
    "text": "I think the time for aid is over, and people need to understand that."
  },
  {
    "start": 2265.19,
    "end": 2283.93,
    "text": "In the beginning, when all of this happened, some experts and scientists and people from the African continent said the same thing."
  },
  {
    "start": 2284.09,
    "end": 2285.87,
    "text": "They said it's time for us to become independent."
  },
  {
    "start": 2285.91,
    "end": 2289.87,
    "text": "The governments have to take responsibility now."
  },
  {
    "start": 2290.17,
    "end": 2293.61,
    "text": "It's the question of how it actually works in practice."
  },
  {
    "start": 2294.13,
    "end": 2296.45,
    "text": "I don't know, there was a splash in South Africa."
  },
  {
    "start": 2297.39,
    "end": 2302.549,
    "text": "They actually put a sum into it."
  },
  {
    "start": 2302.85,
    "end": 2310.31,
    "text": "The health system... The question is whether other countries will do the same and"
  },
  {
    "start": 2310.63,
    "end": 2311.79,
    "text": "whether it will be long-term enough money."
  },
  {
    "start": 2311.83,
    "end": 2315.49,
    "text": "Yes, I think this is one of the very important things in the conversation with Stephanie Nolan."
  },
  {
    "start": 2315.57,
    "end": 2323.509,
    "text": "She told me that in February the situation in many countries of the world was the same."
  },
  {
    "start": 2323.549,
    "end": 2325.43,
    "text": "It was the shock, suddenly the money was gone."
  },
  {
    "start": 2327.009,
    "end": 2330.95,
    "text": "So in February of twenty five it looks very similar to many different places."
  },
  {
    "start": 2331.77,
    "end": 2341.529,
    "text": "Yes in december twenty five begin to show very unterschiedlich auszusehen weil manche länder eben das geld da reinstecken können andere nicht und da wird es natürlich interessant sein zu sehen."
  },
  {
    "start": 2341.59,
    "end": 2343.83,
    "text": "okay wie sieht es in unterschiedlichen ländern aus und."
  },
  {
    "start": 2343.87,
    "end": 2358.67,
    "text": "You just said that this thought, which now also someone like Happy has somehow formulated, that this thought that you can now solve a bit from the priorities that Washington, for example, has, or ultimately also the decolonialization, to drive"
  },
  {
    "start": 2359.29,
    "end": 2360.35,
    "text": "a bit forward."
  },
  {
    "start": 2360.39,
    "end": 2361.95,
    "text": "And also what is connected to it."
  },
  {
    "start": 2362.43,
    "end": 2363.97,
    "text": "So what conditions are connected to this money?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2364.009,
    "end": 2366.47,
    "text": "That is also something that is connected to money often."
  },
  {
    "start": 2366.59,
    "end": 2368.99,
    "text": "And of course that is also not necessarily."
  },
  {
    "start": 2369.029,
    "end": 2370.15,
    "text": "Good for the lenders."
  },
  {
    "start": 2370.19,
    "end": 2370.47,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 2370.71,
    "end": 2375.37,
    "text": "And just this thought that this whole global health is a little bit to decolonialize."
  },
  {
    "start": 2375.47,
    "end": 2377.23,
    "text": "That's very, very strong."
  },
  {
    "start": 2377.27,
    "end": 2379.77,
    "text": "And there is Stephanie Nolan, for example."
  },
  {
    "start": 2379.87,
    "end": 2383.549,
    "text": "She believes that she is very, very skeptical."
  },
  {
    "start": 2384.009,
    "end": 2387.39,
    "text": "That will be the result of what will happen here."
  },
  {
    "start": 2387.65,
    "end": 2400.29,
    "text": "Many people will say, oh, the silver lining is that our whole health system will stop being distorted based on what Washington decides we should spend money on or what the global fund decides our priority should be."
  },
  {
    "start": 2401.13,
    "end": 2419.61,
    "text": "But in fact, if you're now that much more dependent on a handful of donors and in many cases that means the Gates Foundation, uh you you know if your options for funding and your level of desperation is even greater than in fact you have even less negotiating power against an imposed agenda right."
  },
  {
    "start": 2419.75,
    "end": 2426.79,
    "text": "so this is not a straightforward unilateral win for decolonization in any way."
  },
  {
    "start": 2427.509,
    "end": 2433.81,
    "text": "and i've heard people voicing that concern about gates in particular like that the foundation."
  },
  {
    "start": 2434.57,
    "end": 2446.09,
    "text": "you know On january nineteenth people would have told you the gates foundation is too powerful the gates foundation has too much of an ability to drive the agenda especially in much more economically dependent countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 2446.81,
    "end": 2449.29,
    "text": "And they're just orders of magnitude more powerful now."
  },
  {
    "start": 2449.47,
    "end": 2454.21,
    "text": "are they like god love them for having tried to step up and preserve some things this year?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2454.41,
    "end": 2455.23,
    "text": "right i think it would be."
  },
  {
    "start": 2455.65,
    "end": 2460.91,
    "text": "Even more of a train smash if it hadn't been for the efforts the Gates Foundation has made to move quickly."
  },
  {
    "start": 2461.49,
    "end": 2464.69,
    "text": "But should any one actor in this field be that powerful?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2465.61,
    "end": 2470.11,
    "text": "Should we be talking about the ability of the Gates Foundation to replace the US government?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2470.19,
    "end": 2471.91,
    "text": "Like probably not, right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2472.509,
    "end": 2473.17,
    "text": "It's not great."
  },
  {
    "start": 2479.529,
    "end": 2488.33,
    "text": "Geber angewiesen sind das natürlich die macht dieser geber im gründung noch steigt und sagt auf der einen seite gerade gates foundation ist natürlich schon umgeheuer Einflussreich gewesen die ganze zeit."
  },
  {
    "start": 2488.89,
    "end": 2491.37,
    "text": "und wie sie sagt wahrscheinlich wer die ganze situation?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2491.41,
    "end": 2498.49,
    "text": "noch schlimmer wenn die gates foundation nicht gesagt hat okay wir versuchen jetzt manches von dem was an us geldern jetzt verschwindet sozusagen aufzustocken."
  },
  {
    "start": 2499.31,
    "end": 2500.049,
    "text": "Und zu ersetzen."
  },
  {
    "start": 2500.41,
    "end": 2503.049,
    "text": "und andererseits bedeutet es dass die noch mehr einfluss haben."
  },
  {
    "start": 2503.17,
    "end": 2508.33,
    "text": "und sollte irgendwie ein einziger aktör so einflussreich sein wahrscheinlich nicht also das."
  },
  {
    "start": 2508.37,
    "end": 2514.99,
    "text": "It reminds me a little bit of the ecosystem in a way that may not lead to the country becoming independent."
  },
  {
    "start": 2515.69,
    "end": 2519.81,
    "text": "We will see what happens next year, which will also be a big topic next year."
  },
  {
    "start": 2520.13,
    "end": 2524.87,
    "text": "I think it's these secret packages that the US is going into with many of these countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 2524.91,
    "end": 2525.93,
    "text": "So that's what the secret packages are."
  },
  {
    "start": 2525.97,
    "end": 2530.049,
    "text": "So they go into these health cooperation packages and so on."
  },
  {
    "start": 2530.25,
    "end": 2532.45,
    "text": "Where the thought is okay now."
  },
  {
    "start": 2532.49,
    "end": 2534.65,
    "text": "Trump is always very transactional about these things."
  },
  {
    "start": 2534.69,
    "end": 2543.73,
    "text": "So then contracts will be signed that some of these countries will get support from the USA, but for that they have to deliver certain things to the USA under circumstances."
  },
  {
    "start": 2544.31,
    "end": 2547.75,
    "text": "And what exactly that is, that's not clear, because it's secret."
  },
  {
    "start": 2547.79,
    "end": 2556.23,
    "text": "So I think a lot of journalists will try to cover up what's exactly in there next year and what exactly that means."
  },
  {
    "start": 2556.27,
    "end": 2558.87,
    "text": "So how it will be presented next year, we will see."
  },
  {
    "start": 2558.93,
    "end": 2562.23,
    "text": "But the money situation, at least, will probably not get better."
  },
  {
    "start": 2562.27,
    "end": 2567.81,
    "text": "I talked a lot about it with John Arne, because he always has this big picture in his eyes."
  },
  {
    "start": 2567.85,
    "end": 2570.23,
    "text": "And he says, more money probably won't exist."
  },
  {
    "start": 2570.27,
    "end": 2593.49,
    "text": "But the hope is that you can at least change the system so that it becomes more efficient here and there, so that the structures change, so that you don't have, as we have at the moment, that we have these parallel structures for many diseases, for example, that this may new ideas that make it a bit more efficient."
  },
  {
    "start": 2593.69,
    "end": 2605.87,
    "text": "A lot is unfortunately about money, but we also have a lot of issues related to how we organize and structure and make sure that financing can be effective and efficient."
  },
  {
    "start": 2606.85,
    "end": 2608.75,
    "text": "And that is back to what I said."
  },
  {
    "start": 2609.47,
    "end": 2612.75,
    "text": "It's really about putting countries in a driving seat."
  },
  {
    "start": 2613.59,
    "end": 2641.99,
    "text": "maybe focus much more on developing the assistance for health to countries with the biggest needs, really differentiate between countries that are in fragile and conflict situations in specific humanitarian context, of course, and where we need more of a humanitarian approach to health, but differentiate that from countries that are more stable and actually can develop."
  },
  {
    "start": 2642.73,
    "end": 2649.85,
    "text": "Sustainable systems that can deliver health in the long run."
  },
  {
    "start": 2668.79,
    "end": 2668.87,
    "text": "Yeah."
  },
  {
    "start": 2689.71,
    "end": 2696.15,
    "text": "But I believe that the momentum for... reform in the global health ecosystem is really here now."
  },
  {
    "start": 2697.95,
    "end": 2702.37,
    "text": "I believe that will be a continued discussion in twenty twenty six."
  },
  {
    "start": 2703.47,
    "end": 2710.93,
    "text": "And I hope to see the political leadership that is emerging in particular from the global south that that will."
  },
  {
    "start": 2711.83,
    "end": 2718.71,
    "text": "prove to be successful in demanding change and actually translating ambitions to action."
  },
  {
    "start": 2718.75,
    "end": 2732.17,
    "text": "So I am hopeful at the end of the year, but there are many conditions that need to be met to make sure that that hope can be transferred to actually real action as well."
  },
  {
    "start": 2732.89,
    "end": 2761.009,
    "text": "At least my, my, my, my, my, my, my, my, my, Get rid of Trump, of course, but he's so strong back."
  },
  {
    "start": 2761.049,
    "end": 2764.029,
    "text": "Okay, what does my country get for it?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2764.07,
    "end": 2768.47,
    "text": "So this naked power politics and from my point of view, that's a bit against it."
  },
  {
    "start": 2769.009,
    "end": 2777.63,
    "text": "But like I said, he believes that this discussion can actually lead to a global health system."
  },
  {
    "start": 2777.67,
    "end": 2782.25,
    "text": "That the countries in the global south have more playing field and more responsibility."
  },
  {
    "start": 2782.29,
    "end": 2785.29,
    "text": "We're going to see it."
  },
  {
    "start": 2785.35,
    "end": 2788.99,
    "text": "You always have to say, we always say the USA has some kind of money."
  },
  {
    "start": 2789.049,
    "end": 2793.97,
    "text": "The truth is that almost all countries from Spain have reduced the money,"
  },
  {
    "start": 2794.009,
    "end": 2794.25,
    "text": "I think."
  },
  {
    "start": 2794.29,
    "end": 2799.97,
    "text": "Yes, today I read again that Great Britain would like to shorten it again."
  },
  {
    "start": 2800.009,
    "end": 2800.17,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 2800.21,
    "end": 2810.71,
    "text": "Often driven by the rights, so in Great Britain, for example, where they say, where the reform party has said, okay, we cut that by one billion, the support we give."
  },
  {
    "start": 2811.23,
    "end": 2811.85,
    "text": "So that's all."
  },
  {
    "start": 2812.87,
    "end": 2825.23,
    "text": "Trends and then, especially in Europe, driven by the fact that a lot of money is going into it now, to prepare for a war with Russia, or to try to prevent a war with Russia,"
  },
  {
    "start": 2825.31,
    "end": 2826.77,
    "text": "by putting more money"
  },
  {
    "start": 2827.27,
    "end": 2827.75,
    "text": "into the armor."
  },
  {
    "start": 2827.89,
    "end": 2828.77,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 2829.13,
    "end": 2831.549,
    "text": "So these are all the things that come together."
  },
  {
    "start": 2831.59,
    "end": 2833.509,
    "text": "And there is John Arnaud, who is very explicit."
  },
  {
    "start": 2833.549,
    "end": 2836.71,
    "text": "He says that millions of people will die in the coming years."
  },
  {
    "start": 2836.89,
    "end": 2837.509,
    "text": "That's how it is."
  },
  {
    "start": 2837.549,
    "end": 2839.529,
    "text": "Malaria, HIV, TB."
  },
  {
    "start": 2841.27,
    "end": 2845.73,
    "text": "Müttersterblichkeit all these things that werden wir erst in ein paar Jahren sehen, aber das passiert."
  },
  {
    "start": 2846.13,
    "end": 2853.529,
    "text": "die frage ist ob neben all diesen schlimmen Dingen wenigstens dann irgendwie so ein system aufgebaut wird das in Zukunft nicht mehr so anfällig darauf ist oder nicht."
  },
  {
    "start": 2854.33,
    "end": 2860.63,
    "text": "und das werden wir glaube ich zwanzig sechsten zwanzig werden wir die ersten Anzeichen dafür hoffentlich sehen in welche Richtung das geht"
  },
  {
    "start": 2861.09,
    "end": 2863.97,
    "text": "ja jetzt also du sprichst schon von zwanzig sechsten zwanzig."
  },
  {
    "start": 2864.029,
    "end": 2866.95,
    "text": "wir haben natürlich mit den Leuten mit dem wir gesprochen haben."
  },
  {
    "start": 2866.99,
    "end": 2871.69,
    "text": "wir haben auch die gefragt was sie jetzt Awaiting from twenty six and twenty?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2871.75,
    "end": 2874.69,
    "text": "what will come to us, what will come to the world."
  },
  {
    "start": 2874.95,
    "end": 2879.39,
    "text": "And yes, and I think Kai, you also have one of your favorite topics."
  },
  {
    "start": 2879.43,
    "end": 2882.17,
    "text": "Once again caught bird flu."
  },
  {
    "start": 2882.23,
    "end": 2883.99,
    "text": "You can never talk enough about"
  },
  {
    "start": 2884.33,
    "end": 2884.35,
    "text": "it."
  },
  {
    "start": 2884.39,
    "end": 2886.43,
    "text": "Yes, we will have to talk about it again in twenty six and twenty six."
  },
  {
    "start": 2886.47,
    "end": 2893.509,
    "text": "We now had a quite extreme bird flu season here in Europe."
  },
  {
    "start": 2893.79,
    "end": 2896.09,
    "text": "So it just came faster than ever before."
  },
  {
    "start": 2896.13,
    "end": 2904.89,
    "text": "But it's interesting that the trend that I can read at the moment is going in the right direction."
  },
  {
    "start": 2904.95,
    "end": 2907.11,
    "text": "Maybe we'll start all of them."
  },
  {
    "start": 2907.19,
    "end": 2909.85,
    "text": "The birds, at least the wing."
  },
  {
    "start": 2911.49,
    "end": 2913.17,
    "text": "Frankreich started with the ends."
  },
  {
    "start": 2913.29,
    "end": 2914.529,
    "text": "It's an interesting program."
  },
  {
    "start": 2915.33,
    "end": 2918.79,
    "text": "We successfully reduced the breaks."
  },
  {
    "start": 2918.83,
    "end": 2922.17,
    "text": "But it costs a lot."
  },
  {
    "start": 2922.29,
    "end": 2922.91,
    "text": "It's incredibly expensive."
  },
  {
    "start": 2922.99,
    "end": 2927.21,
    "text": "And then the question is, which birds do you have with which vaccine?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2927.33,
    "end": 2927.47,
    "text": "And how?"
  },
  {
    "start": 2928.33,
    "end": 2932.71,
    "text": "So I think that's a topic that's going to come again in the future."
  },
  {
    "start": 2932.75,
    "end": 2938.83,
    "text": "There's a lot of research going on right now to see a little clearer, okay, what's going on in France now."
  },
  {
    "start": 2939.15,
    "end": 2943.529,
    "text": "And then of course you have to go to the political level, because it's always about the limits of trade of other countries."
  },
  {
    "start": 2943.69,
    "end": 2946.59,
    "text": "And so I think a lot will happen."
  },
  {
    "start": 2946.63,
    "end": 2946.89,
    "text": "But."
  },
  {
    "start": 2947.47,
    "end": 2956.45,
    "text": "My estimate is that we will continue to vaccinate, vaccinate, vaccinate in Europe against bird flu."
  },
  {
    "start": 2956.49,
    "end": 2957.79,
    "text": "Prognoses are always difficult."
  },
  {
    "start": 2957.91,
    "end": 2959.69,
    "text": "Let's see what will happen in the future."
  },
  {
    "start": 2959.81,
    "end": 2961.83,
    "text": "But we'll talk about that later."
  },
  {
    "start": 2961.93,
    "end": 2963.35,
    "text": "Very interesting topic."
  },
  {
    "start": 2963.39,
    "end": 2964.29,
    "text": "Yes, exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 2964.49,
    "end": 2965.39,
    "text": "And only as a small introduction here,"
  },
  {
    "start": 2965.49,
    "end": 2967.61,
    "text": "because we will of course talk a lot about it."
  },
  {
    "start": 2967.77,
    "end": 2975.17,
    "text": "But of course we also come out with many historical episodes."
  },
  {
    "start": 2975.21,
    "end": 2976.75,
    "text": "So we have already planned a few."
  },
  {
    "start": 2976.79,
    "end": 2977.95,
    "text": "You could be surprised."
  },
  {
    "start": 2978.69,
    "end": 2982.29,
    "text": "And at the end of January, we will continue with the Clermydian episodes for the first time."
  },
  {
    "start": 2982.33,
    "end": 2984.89,
    "text": "There are still two from the series."
  },
  {
    "start": 2985.049,
    "end": 2988.509,
    "text": "And then we will be able to do our two weeks again."
  },
  {
    "start": 2988.57,
    "end": 2989.029,
    "text": "Rhythmus."
  },
  {
    "start": 2989.11,
    "end": 2995.97,
    "text": "That was a bit erratic in the last weeks because of Advent calendar and bonus episodes that we still published and so on."
  },
  {
    "start": 2996.009,
    "end": 2997.69,
    "text": "Just as a little interruption here."
  },
  {
    "start": 2998.15,
    "end": 2998.69,
    "text": "That's how it is."
  },
  {
    "start": 2998.73,
    "end": 3003.27,
    "text": "Of course, I asked Stephanie Nolan again what she expected in the year of twenty-six."
  },
  {
    "start": 3004.25,
    "end": 3009.33,
    "text": "It was quite interesting because she just came back from Cameroon when we just talked."
  },
  {
    "start": 3009.39,
    "end": 3014.41,
    "text": "Cameroon is an interesting example because they managed to get the medicines for the malaria season in February."
  },
  {
    "start": 3014.77,
    "end": 3021.83,
    "text": "And they are now basically in the situation that they really need the last medicines."
  },
  {
    "start": 3023.31,
    "end": 3028.17,
    "text": "And that means that's an example for countries where it's really going to be shown in twenty six and twenty"
  },
  {
    "start": 3029.07,
    "end": 3029.11,
    "text": "six."
  },
  {
    "start": 3029.15,
    "end": 3034.67,
    "text": "Now they're looking down the barrel of twenty twenty six and there's nothing right like there's just literally."
  },
  {
    "start": 3034.89,
    "end": 3044.69,
    "text": "I saw people like stuffing the last boxes of leftover drugs into cupboards to try to like get them through to next spring like we'll hold on to this because it may be all we get."
  },
  {
    "start": 3045.49,
    "end": 3045.57,
    "text": "So."
  },
  {
    "start": 3048.509,
    "end": 3065.77,
    "text": "It was interesting as a kind of, you know, here's a country like really on the cusp of being about to discover, you know, they've burned down the drug supplies, the health workers who hung around for a while without getting paid are now moving on to other opportunities."
  },
  {
    "start": 3068.69,
    "end": 3075.97,
    "text": "Systems the health system strengthening work that had been done carried them to a point and is starting to kind of wear"
  },
  {
    "start": 3076.13,
    "end": 3076.35,
    "text": "off."
  },
  {
    "start": 3080.43,
    "end": 3092.91,
    "text": "Cameroon has, historically, four percent of the costs themselves for the malaria program."
  },
  {
    "start": 3093.95,
    "end": 3109.71,
    "text": "That means you can do that three times and still be at twelve percent of what was there until then."
  },
  {
    "start": 3109.77,
    "end": 3111.99,
    "text": "And that's the reality again."
  },
  {
    "start": 3112.029,
    "end": 3121.25,
    "text": "As it is, you can always argue whether that should be the case, that a country is so little in a health problem that is so central in the country."
  },
  {
    "start": 3121.59,
    "end": 3124.87,
    "text": "But that's the reality and it won't change overnight."
  },
  {
    "start": 3124.91,
    "end": 3126.67,
    "text": "But the money is gone overnight."
  },
  {
    "start": 3127.33,
    "end": 3129.17,
    "text": "And Stephanie Nolan, as I said, was just back there."
  },
  {
    "start": 3129.21,
    "end": 3130.27,
    "text": "That means this story."
  },
  {
    "start": 3130.83,
    "end": 3132.21,
    "text": "I'm curious to read it myself."
  },
  {
    "start": 3132.37,
    "end": 3135.37,
    "text": "When she comes out now, we share it."
  },
  {
    "start": 3135.41,
    "end": 3139.79,
    "text": "Because by the way, we recently had a Zoom call with our supporters at Steady."
  },
  {
    "start": 3139.99,
    "end": 3144.59,
    "text": "We have our Steady supporters at a Zoom call every year."
  },
  {
    "start": 3144.63,
    "end": 3145.93,
    "text": "Once a year so far."
  },
  {
    "start": 3146.13,
    "end": 3148.15,
    "text": "But we promised that we would do it twice a year."
  },
  {
    "start": 3149.19,
    "end": 3150.49,
    "text": "Twenty-six and twenty-six."
  },
  {
    "start": 3151.07,
    "end": 3152.67,
    "text": "There can be a lot of feedback."
  },
  {
    "start": 3153.61,
    "end": 3154.31,
    "text": "We exchange ideas."
  },
  {
    "start": 3154.35,
    "end": 3157.73,
    "text": "Of course, we also like to say how great our podcast is."
  },
  {
    "start": 3157.79,
    "end": 3158.97,
    "text": "It's just always nice to talk"
  },
  {
    "start": 3160.15,
    "end": 3160.61,
    "text": "to each other."
  },
  {
    "start": 3161.43,
    "end": 3164.39,
    "text": "It was a totally beautiful moment again."
  },
  {
    "start": 3164.47,
    "end": 3164.71,
    "text": "It's"
  },
  {
    "start": 3164.79,
    "end": 3167.59,
    "text": "very inspiring for us that we have such great"
  },
  {
    "start": 3167.69,
    "end": 3167.99,
    "text": "listeners."
  },
  {
    "start": 3168.029,
    "end": 3171.33,
    "text": "Maybe at this point, thank you to all the supporters, because without you we can't do that here at all."
  },
  {
    "start": 3171.37,
    "end": 3173.21,
    "text": "And as I said, twenty-six and twenty-six."
  },
  {
    "start": 3173.25,
    "end": 3176.81,
    "text": "We still need a few more supporters to put that on the right leg."
  },
  {
    "start": 3176.85,
    "end": 3177.93,
    "text": "But we are."
  },
  {
    "start": 3178.029,
    "end": 3179.09,
    "text": "We're good to go."
  },
  {
    "start": 3179.17,
    "end": 3188.49,
    "text": "But a feedback that came this time was that a kind of newsletter from and on with links to other stories and other things I would like to see."
  },
  {
    "start": 3189.07,
    "end": 3191.63,
    "text": "And that's why we said we're trying to do it now in the next week."
  },
  {
    "start": 3191.79,
    "end": 3196.41,
    "text": "Then at some point you get a first newsletter and then I'll do the link for this story by Stephanie Nolan."
  },
  {
    "start": 3196.45,
    "end": 3198.37,
    "text": "In any case, go in or a few links."
  },
  {
    "start": 3198.87,
    "end": 3202.19,
    "text": "Publish at the New York Times, but you can make such gift links that you have access to it."
  },
  {
    "start": 3202.23,
    "end": 3204.79,
    "text": "Even if you don't have a subscription at the New York Times."
  },
  {
    "start": 3204.87,
    "end": 3205.009,
    "text": "Exactly,"
  },
  {
    "start": 3205.049,
    "end": 3209.529,
    "text": "and for the newsletter you can easily and cost-free email the link."
  },
  {
    "start": 3209.69,
    "end": 3211.35,
    "text": "Then we will also be in the show notes."
  },
  {
    "start": 3211.39,
    "end": 3211.71,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 3211.75,
    "end": 3213.57,
    "text": "Now we have so many things to say that we will do."
  },
  {
    "start": 3213.61,
    "end": 3216.17,
    "text": "We also have to do everything now."
  },
  {
    "start": 3216.21,
    "end": 3216.25,
    "text": "Yes."
  },
  {
    "start": 3216.31,
    "end": 3223.11,
    "text": "In any case, Stephanie Nolan, I finally asked her what she does hopefully."
  },
  {
    "start": 3223.43,
    "end": 3227.549,
    "text": "And she said, you want to hear something hopeful and you really called me."
  },
  {
    "start": 3227.61,
    "end": 3229.65,
    "text": "They are always very clear in this thing."
  },
  {
    "start": 3229.69,
    "end": 3237.45,
    "text": "But while a little bit more hopeful, for example, is Maria van Kerkhove, which we heard before."
  },
  {
    "start": 3240.57,
    "end": 3246.549,
    "text": "And when I asked her, she once again described"
  },
  {
    "start": 3247.23,
    "end": 3254.29,
    "text": "I don't get emotional, but I lost it because they had them put up their placards to say who rejects this and not one."
  },
  {
    "start": 3255.23,
    "end": 3261.43,
    "text": "Even countries that raised questions, not one single member state raised their placard, lost it."
  },
  {
    "start": 3261.49,
    "end": 3262.27,
    "text": "Absolutely lost it."
  },
  {
    "start": 3263.21,
    "end": 3267.79,
    "text": "And to me that is inspiring, especially given what we've gone through."
  },
  {
    "start": 3267.91,
    "end": 3271.79,
    "text": "So that sentiment, that effort, that's not gone."
  },
  {
    "start": 3271.99,
    "end": 3280.13,
    "text": "So no matter what is happening out there, when many of us just don't want to get out of bed sometimes, that kind of propels me to show up to work and to keep at it."
  },
  {
    "start": 3281.59,
    "end": 3284.81,
    "text": "The multilateralism is still alive."
  },
  {
    "start": 3285.049,
    "end": 3287.91,
    "text": "And there are these people who work on it."
  },
  {
    "start": 3288.029,
    "end": 3294.15,
    "text": "And so that was such a moment for you, when you look back now after twenty-six and twenty-six and say, what are you doing?"
  },
  {
    "start": 3294.19,
    "end": 3295.43,
    "text": "What do you hope for?"
  },
  {
    "start": 3295.47,
    "end": 3295.89,
    "text": "But overall, I"
  },
  {
    "start": 3297.049,
    "end": 3304.97,
    "text": "think you can say that for everyone from the global health sector and from many other areas, the year was twenty-five or twenty-five more a roller coaster ride."
  },
  {
    "start": 3305.009,
    "end": 3307.57,
    "text": "That's what Linda Gayle-Becker described."
  },
  {
    "start": 3309.23,
    "end": 3318.549,
    "text": "She hopes, in any case, that the next year in... It has been a roller-coaster ride of note."
  },
  {
    "start": 3319.15,
    "end": 3321.31,
    "text": "I reflected with some journalists today."
  },
  {
    "start": 3322.23,
    "end": 3325.65,
    "text": "The world science journalist asked me to speak to them this morning."
  },
  {
    "start": 3325.73,
    "end": 3330.57,
    "text": "I flew up to Jürgenburg because, by the way, I actually really believe in journalism."
  },
  {
    "start": 3331.97,
    "end": 3339.549,
    "text": "I said to them, science is only half done if we don't actually distribute and disseminate what we've learned to the public."
  },
  {
    "start": 3340.41,
    "end": 3349.97,
    "text": "And, you know, I was reflecting that, twenty twenty five, I'm sort of so glad it's coming to an end because it's been such a difficult year."
  },
  {
    "start": 3351.45,
    "end": 3359.19,
    "text": "I'm hoping twenty twenty six is just going to be a little bit more manageable because at least we sort of know where is twenty twenty five."
  },
  {
    "start": 3359.23,
    "end": 3362.65,
    "text": "I think we were so blindsided and just so caught."
  },
  {
    "start": 3363.79,
    "end": 3364.25,
    "text": "unaware."
  },
  {
    "start": 3365.29,
    "end": 3374.11,
    "text": "Whereas I think we can, you know, we sort of now have said, okay, we need resilience, we need grit, this is what we need to do, and we can kind of move forward."
  },
  {
    "start": 3374.23,
    "end": 3380.31,
    "text": "So I hope after a little break in December, we'll just be able to get back on the bike and keep riding."
  },
  {
    "start": 3381.21,
    "end": 3382.29,
    "text": "Because that's what we have to do."
  },
  {
    "start": 3382.47,
    "end": 3386.43,
    "text": "Out of twenty six and twenty four to a part"
  },
  {
    "start": 3386.75,
    "end": 3391.75,
    "text": "of a man of at least we know that we are on a part of the band that is like that."
  },
  {
    "start": 3391.87,
    "end": 3410.87,
    "text": "That the motto is that it is better or worse, but we will see, but I say, if you are already on a part of the band, then at least you can be with us on the part of the band, so that we are, as I said, always super grateful that you support us and if you."
  },
  {
    "start": 3411.25,
    "end": 3419.29,
    "text": "If you don't support us yet, you can subscribe to Apple Podcasts, but you can also subscribe to Steadys, which is even more direct and helps us even"
  },
  {
    "start": 3419.529,
    "end": 3419.73,
    "text": "more."
  },
  {
    "start": 3419.93,
    "end": 3425.49,
    "text": "And please write us your reviews on Apple and Spotify, wherever you can write your reviews."
  },
  {
    "start": 3426.39,
    "end": 3429.33,
    "text": "So we're really looking forward to it and you can recommend us more."
  },
  {
    "start": 3429.59,
    "end": 3432.21,
    "text": "And have great holidays."
  },
  {
    "start": 3434.49,
    "end": 3435.09,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 3435.31,
    "end": 3437.95,
    "text": "And above all, take care of yourselves."
  },
  {
    "start": 3437.99,
    "end": 3439.21,
    "text": "Take your time."
  },
  {
    "start": 3439.25,
    "end": 3441.67,
    "text": "It's not just about global health, but it's about all of us with all these things."
  },
  {
    "start": 3441.71,
    "end": 3446.89,
    "text": "It was a tough year, different from the pandemic, but we've said this year more often."
  },
  {
    "start": 3446.93,
    "end": 3449.009,
    "text": "Finally, sometimes emotionally difficult."
  },
  {
    "start": 3449.049,
    "end": 3450.33,
    "text": "In this case, take your time."
  },
  {
    "start": 3450.41,
    "end": 3454.73,
    "text": "We also take a little bit of time, but we are at the end of January with the chlamydia."
  },
  {
    "start": 3454.83,
    "end": 3455.57,
    "text": "Finally back again."
  },
  {
    "start": 3455.95,
    "end": 3456.83,
    "text": "Very nice."
  },
  {
    "start": 3456.91,
    "end": 3459.85,
    "text": "This time the sexual disease with humans."
  },
  {
    "start": 3460.07,
    "end": 3460.79,
    "text": "A great topic."
  },
  {
    "start": 3460.83,
    "end": 3461.07,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 3461.13,
    "end": 3461.35,
    "text": "If you"
  },
  {
    "start": 3461.41,
    "end": 3467.93,
    "text": "miss us in January, we will come back with a sexually transmitted disease again around the corner."
  },
  {
    "start": 3469.11,
    "end": 3471.19,
    "text": "Otherwise we will see what the year will bring."
  },
  {
    "start": 3471.63,
    "end": 3472.91,
    "text": "Laura, we are definitely there."
  },
  {
    "start": 3473.91,
    "end": 3475.17,
    "text": "Vielen, vielen Dank fürs Zuhören."
  },
  {
    "start": 3475.31,
    "end": 3475.91,
    "text": "Ciao, ciao."
  },
  {
    "start": 3476.19,
    "end": 3477.07,
    "text": "Ciao."
  }
]