[
  {
    "start": 0.14,
    "end": 1.4,
    "text": "Welcome to the deep dive."
  },
  {
    "start": 2.0,
    "end": 5.1,
    "text": "So, um I want you imagine something for a second."
  },
  {
    "start": 5.74,
    "end": 13.22,
    "text": "Imagine your sitting down to study like the most complex Ruthlessly efficient biological machine in the known universe."
  },
  {
    "start": 13.26,
    "end": 15.54,
    "text": "Oh yeah You've got your coffee you cleared your schedule?"
  },
  {
    "start": 15.94,
    "end": 16.42,
    "text": "You're ready to go?"
  },
  {
    "start": 16.76,
    "end": 16.94,
    "text": "right"
  },
  {
    "start": 16.98,
    "end": 17.34,
    "text": "exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 17.42,
    "end": 18.7,
    "text": "You've mentally prepared yourself."
  },
  {
    "start": 18.92,
    "end": 19.74,
    "text": "or you know though?"
  },
  {
    "start": 20.34,
    "end": 23.68,
    "text": "Really dense intertwined pathways of human physiology."
  },
  {
    "start": 24.3,
    "end": 27.36,
    "text": "So you open this definitive source document expecting"
  },
  {
    "start": 27.4,
    "end": 29.8,
    "text": "just an absolute avalanche Of data, yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 30.06,
    "end": 30.92,
    "text": "and avalanches of data."
  },
  {
    "start": 31.24,
    "end": 37.24,
    "text": "And the entire text like the title the body The conclusion the whole thing is exactly three words long."
  },
  {
    "start": 37.44,
    "end": 38.2,
    "text": "Just three works."
  },
  {
    "start": 38.24,
    "end": 38.44,
    "text": "just"
  },
  {
    "start": 38.48,
    "end": 38.86,
    "text": "three words."
  },
  {
    "start": 38.9,
    "end": 43.68,
    "text": "it just says immune system explained and then Nothing else nothing."
  },
  {
    "start": 43.86,
    "end": 46.38,
    "text": "so today on the deep dive we're basically dissecting a ghost."
  },
  {
    "start": 46.74,
    "end": 47.68,
    "text": "We really are its."
  },
  {
    "start": 47.78,
    "end": 49.5,
    "text": "um It's quite the experience."
  },
  {
    "start": 49.68,
    "end": 57.82,
    "text": "Yeah, we're looking at this document that promises a comprehensive explanation of our biological defense network and then it just delivers an absolute void-it's wild!"
  },
  {
    "start": 57.9,
    "end": 64.18,
    "text": "It really is wild because I mean... ...It completely subverts the foundational contract between an author and reader."
  },
  {
    "start": 64.66,
    "end": 65.6,
    "text": "Oh That's good way to put it."
  },
  {
    "start": 65.66,
    "end": 66.48,
    "text": "The Contract"
  },
  {
    "start": 67.2,
    "end": 69.78,
    "text": "Because usually A source document on topic."
  },
  {
    "start": 69.9,
    "end": 74.5,
    "text": "this dense like immune system Is basically exercise in managing cognitive load."
  },
  {
    "start": 75.2,
    "end": 77.14,
    "text": "We anticipate you know Flowcharts."
  },
  {
    "start": 77.28,
    "end": 78.18,
    "text": "Hunza flow charts,"
  },
  {
    "start": 78.26,
    "end": 78.42,
    "text": "right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 78.5,
    "end": 86.98,
    "text": "Flowchart cellular lineages extensive pharmacological interactions so handing an informed reader a functionally blank page is"
  },
  {
    "start": 87.48,
    "end": 87.64,
    "text": "well"
  },
  {
    "start": 88.56,
    "end": 93.92,
    "text": "it's either the ultimate act of intellectual nihilism or a profoundly calculated architectural choice."
  },
  {
    "start": 94.56,
    "end": 101.34,
    "text": "I gotta say i am leaning heavily toward nihilist here Or at least like very elaborate troll job by author."
  },
  {
    "start": 101.52,
    "end": 102.64,
    "text": "You think they're just messing with us."
  },
  {
    "start": 103.34,
    "end": 103.9,
    "text": "I mean, maybe."
  },
  {
    "start": 104.58,
    "end": 110.74,
    "text": "When i first looked at this my immediate thought was uh walking into one of those hyper minimalist contemporary art galleries."
  },
  {
    "start": 110.82,
    "end": 111.26,
    "text": "you know the ones?"
  },
  {
    "start": 111.3,
    "end": 113.08,
    "text": "oh absolutely they're really sterile ones"
  },
  {
    "start": 113.16,
    "end": 113.66,
    "text": "exactly!"
  },
  {
    "start": 113.74,
    "end": 121.24,
    "text": "You step into this sterile brilliantly lit white room and right in the center there's a velvet rope surrounding a pedestal..."
  },
  {
    "start": 121.6,
    "end": 123.52,
    "text": "And let me guess it is nothing on the pedestal?"
  },
  {
    "start": 123.84,
    "end": 125.62,
    "text": "Literally absolutely nothing just empty space."
  },
  {
    "start": 125.98,
    "end": 127.78,
    "text": "but then you look at the brass plaque on the wall."
  },
  {
    "start": 129.56,
    "end": 130.039,
    "text": "Oh, wow."
  },
  {
    "start": 130.28,
    "end": 131.039,
    "text": "Yeah that's perfect!"
  },
  {
    "start": 131.14,
    "end": 131.34,
    "text": "Right"
  },
  {
    "start": 131.64,
    "end": 137.78,
    "text": "like the art isn't The Invisible Chair...the Art is supposedly you know the cognitive distance You experience."
  },
  {
    "start": 138.26,
    "end": 141.14,
    "text": "but I have to challenge this premise right out of the gate."
  },
  {
    "start": 141.34,
    "end": 141.72,
    "text": "Go for it."
  },
  {
    "start": 142.28,
    "end": 144.14,
    "text": "Is This actually an explanation?"
  },
  {
    "start": 144.22,
    "end": 149.64,
    "text": "Like can you intellectually categorize a document as An Explanation if It does zero actual explaining?"
  },
  {
    "start": 150.06,
    "end": 155.84,
    "text": "well If we evaluate this through the lens of information theory, specifically Claude Shannon's work."
  },
  {
    "start": 156.46,
    "end": 159.04,
    "text": "The document creates a really fascinating paradox."
  },
  {
    "start": 159.28,
    "end": 162.64,
    "text": "Okay, Claude shannon remind me he is digital communication guy right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 162.7,
    "end": 163.12,
    "text": "Exactly!"
  },
  {
    "start": 163.24,
    "end": 173.76,
    "text": "Shannon essentially birthed modern digital communications back in uh... and he defined information mathematically as the resolution of uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "start": 174.06,
    "end": 176.14,
    "text": "The Resolution Of Uncertainty, okay break that down for me."
  },
  {
    "start": 176.3,
    "end": 180.6,
    "text": "so his framework treats information not as like meaning or narrative."
  },
  {
    "start": 181.16,
    "end": 184.42,
    "text": "it treats It As A Quantifiable Reduction In Possible States."
  },
  {
    "start": 184.72,
    "end": 185.24,
    "text": "oh I see"
  },
  {
    "start": 185.28,
    "end": 185.36,
    "text": "yeah."
  },
  {
    "start": 185.46,
    "end": 188.48,
    "text": "So if i flip a coin the outcome gives you exactly one bit of Information."
  },
  {
    "start": 188.82,
    "end": 189.06,
    "text": "why?"
  },
  {
    "start": 189.38,
    "end": 190.84,
    "text": "because it cuts your uncertainty in half"
  },
  {
    "start": 191.0,
    "end": 191.2,
    "text": "right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 191.26,
    "end": 195.56,
    "text": "It goes from two possibilities heads Or tails Down to just One Spot on."
  },
  {
    "start": 196.38,
    "end": 203.54,
    "text": "So applying Shannon's theory to biological literature a standard textbook is essentially this massive transmitter"
  },
  {
    "start": 203.64,
    "end": 204.06,
    "text": "of bits."
  },
  {
    "start": 204.3,
    "end": 211.3,
    "text": "Okay, so if I have a high degree of uncertainty about Let's say the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells"
  },
  {
    "start": 211.44,
    "end": 212.06,
    "text": "which most people do"
  },
  {
    "start": 212.7,
    "end": 220.78,
    "text": "right and then The textbook details exactly how they branch into myeloid and lymphoid lineages suddenly My uncertainty just plummets."
  },
  {
    "start": 220.98,
    "end": 221.4,
    "text": "Exactly!"
  },
  {
    "start": 221.98,
    "end": 227.02,
    "text": "The system's entropy decreases and learning actually occurs."
  },
  {
    "start": 227.26,
    "end": 229.2,
    "text": "That makes sense, that is the normal way things work!"
  },
  {
    "start": 231.44,
    "end": 239.32,
    "text": "In a high-entropy state meaning a State of High Unpredictability or lack of knowledge A traditional explanation acts as a stabilizing force."
  },
  {
    "start": 239.82,
    "end": 243.48,
    "text": "But our three word source Our immune system explain document."
  },
  {
    "start": 243.84,
    "end": 247.58,
    "text": "It transmits literally zero bits regarding biological mechanisms."
  },
  {
    "start": 247.82,
    "end": 248.52,
    "text": "Zero Bits."
  },
  {
    "start": 249.02,
    "end": 251.56,
    "text": "It leaves a reader's internal entropy completely untouched."
  },
  {
    "start": 252.14,
    "end": 255.66,
    "text": "From a strict chanted perspective, the data payload is just non-existent"
  },
  {
    "start": 255.78,
    "end": 257.06,
    "text": "Which completely proves my point!"
  },
  {
    "start": 257.16,
    "end": 261.82,
    "text": "it's an intellectual scam... ...it's claiming to reduce my uncertainty while leaving me completely in the dark."
  },
  {
    "start": 262.0,
    "end": 262.44,
    "text": "I hear you but.."
  },
  {
    "start": 262.68,
    "end": 272.96,
    "text": "I mean if i don't know this specific protein cascade involved with the complement system staring at blank page isn't going to magically download that biochemical pathway into prefrontal cortex?"
  },
  {
    "start": 273.1,
    "end": 273.14,
    "text": "No"
  },
  {
    "start": 273.34,
    "end": 273.98,
    "text": "of course not."
  },
  {
    "start": 274.72,
    "end": 278.86,
    "text": "Consider the psychological mechanism that gets triggered by that specific absence."
  },
  {
    "start": 279.02,
    "end": 279.44,
    "text": "What do you mean?"
  },
  {
    "start": 279.82,
    "end": 288.92,
    "text": "Well, when a system promises data and then intentionally withhold it The resulting vacuum forces the receiver into an active state of pattern generation"
  },
  {
    "start": 289.12,
    "end": 293.08,
    "text": "Pattern generation like my brain is trying to make sense of than nothing this exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 293.4,
    "end": 300.36,
    "text": "think about the concept of gestalt psychology specifically Um the principle of reification."
  },
  {
    "start": 300.66,
    "end": 301.26,
    "text": "Reification."
  },
  {
    "start": 301.34,
    "end": 303.38,
    "text": "okay I've heard the term but refresh my memory."
  },
  {
    "start": 303.68,
    "end": 306.08,
    "text": "The human brain basically abhors an open loop."
  },
  {
    "start": 306.96,
    "end": 314.4,
    "text": "When we are presented with an incomplete shape like a triangle, our visual cortex automatically fills in the gaps."
  },
  {
    "start": 314.52,
    "end": 314.64,
    "text": "Oh"
  },
  {
    "start": 314.76,
    "end": 315.0,
    "text": "right!"
  },
  {
    "start": 315.06,
    "end": 318.5,
    "text": "Like those optical illusions where you see white triangles that isn't actually drawn?"
  },
  {
    "start": 318.76,
    "end": 322.42,
    "text": "Yes We perceive even when data is absent."
  },
  {
    "start": 322.86,
    "end": 324.36,
    "text": "Okay I see this psychological angle here."
  },
  {
    "start": 324.44,
    "end": 327.88,
    "text": "You're saying document is leveraging the zygarnik effect"
  },
  {
    "start": 328.12,
    "end": 330.26,
    "text": "Precisely Uncompleted tasks."
  },
  {
    "start": 330.88,
    "end": 337.38,
    "text": "Right, because uncompleted tasks or interrupted cognitive processes stick in our memory far more aggressively than completed ones."
  },
  {
    "start": 337.46,
    "end": 337.56,
    "text": "They"
  },
  {
    "start": 337.64,
    "end": 337.68,
    "text": "do."
  },
  {
    "start": 337.98,
    "end": 338.48,
    "text": "they really do"
  },
  {
    "start": 339.16,
    "end": 339.22,
    "text": "So."
  },
  {
    "start": 339.32,
    "end": 344.9,
    "text": "by leaving the explanation completely unwritten The author basically ensures that readers brain gets stuck in a loop."
  },
  {
    "start": 345.4,
    "end": 348.92,
    "text": "It's actively searching its associative memory networks to complete the picture."
  },
  {
    "start": 349.12,
    "end": 349.32,
    "text": "Yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 349.82,
    "end": 354.66,
    "text": "it forces transition from passive reception To what we call constructivist learning"
  },
  {
    "start": 354.92,
    "end": 356.0,
    "text": "Constructivists Learning."
  },
  {
    "start": 356.06,
    "end": 356.32,
    "text": "That is"
  },
  {
    "start": 357.98,
    "end": 359.0,
    "text": "Piaget right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 360.74,
    "end": 363.82,
    "text": "In traditional didactic learning, the reader is just a receptacle."
  },
  {
    "start": 364.44,
    "end": 368.14,
    "text": "But in constructivism knowledge isn't absorbed it's built."
  },
  {
    "start": 368.34,
    "end": 369.26,
    "text": "You have to build at yourself"
  },
  {
    "start": 369.36,
    "end": 369.78,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 370.24,
    "end": 373.7,
    "text": "The learner must integrate new prompts with their existing mental schemas."
  },
  {
    "start": 374.56,
    "end": 381.24,
    "text": "When you read immune system explained on a blank page your brain immediately begins surfacing everything that already knows."
  },
  {
    "start": 381.6,
    "end": 384.6,
    "text": "You essentially start generating your own textbook To fill the void?"
  },
  {
    "start": 386.34,
    "end": 392.92,
    "text": "I mean, i'm still a little skeptical but let's take that constructivist lens and apply it to the actual biological reality of the immune system."
  },
  {
    "start": 393.34,
    "end": 393.48,
    "text": "Okay!"
  },
  {
    "start": 393.52,
    "end": 393.92,
    "text": "Let's do that"
  },
  {
    "start": 394.38,
    "end": 401.02,
    "text": "because the more I think about the actual physiology we are dealing with here... The more a blank page feels."
  },
  {
    "start": 401.62,
    "end": 405.9,
    "text": "well terrifyingly accurate to the baseline human experience."
  },
  {
    "start": 405.98,
    "end": 407.34,
    "text": "Terrifyingly accurate how?"
  },
  {
    "start": 407.56,
    "end": 419.32,
    "text": "Well We tend to conceptualize the immune systems as this loud aggressive military force But true immunological homeostasis is defined entirely by its silence."
  },
  {
    "start": 419.5,
    "end": 420.9,
    "text": "That's a phenomenal point!"
  },
  {
    "start": 421.3,
    "end": 426.72,
    "text": "The perception of the immune system is almost always skewed by it's pathology, not its physiology"
  },
  {
    "start": 426.86,
    "end": 429.5,
    "text": "Right... we only notice when it breaks or fighting."
  },
  {
    "start": 429.72,
    "end": 436.92,
    "text": "Exactly When you experience a pro-inflammatory cascade say like a cytokine storm triggered by a novel respiratory virus."
  },
  {
    "start": 437.36,
    "end": 438.76,
    "text": "that is where this system becomes loud."
  },
  {
    "start": 439.0,
    "end": 442.9,
    "text": "Because symptoms associated with illness aren't usually the pathogen itself."
  },
  {
    "start": 443.12,
    "end": 443.82,
    "text": "People often forget"
  },
  {
    "start": 444.3,
    "end": 445.98,
    "text": "Yeah, the systemic heat of a fever."
  },
  {
    "start": 446.38,
    "end": 453.86,
    "text": "The vasodilation that causes all that swelling...the extreme fatigue That is generated by our own endogenous pyrogens and interleukins."
  },
  {
    "start": 453.9,
    "end": 455.42,
    "text": "It's a massive energy expenditure."
  },
  {
    "start": 455.66,
    "end": 465.66,
    "text": "it's the physiological equivalent Of like a server farm spinning All its cooling fans at maximum rpm because A rogue process Is just eating up CPU cycles!"
  },
  {
    "start": 465.84,
    "end": 466.98,
    "text": "That is great analogy."
  },
  {
    "start": 467.54,
    "end": 470.62,
    "text": "We really only notice the background operating system when it under severe stress."
  },
  {
    "start": 470.66,
    "end": 471.14,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 471.64,
    "end": 477.02,
    "text": "But the baseline state, The Healthy State requires immense continuous silent labor."
  },
  {
    "start": 477.32,
    "end": 479.46,
    "text": "It does take stegocytosis for example."
  },
  {
    "start": 479.52,
    "end": 479.7,
    "text": "Okay"
  },
  {
    "start": 479.78,
    "end": 481.1,
    "text": "let's talk about fair cytosis."
  },
  {
    "start": 481.44,
    "end": 486.24,
    "text": "So every single day billions of your own cells undergo apoptosis."
  },
  {
    "start": 486.72,
    "end": 488.16,
    "text": "That is programmed cell death"
  },
  {
    "start": 488.46,
    "end": 489.6,
    "text": "Billions everyday"
  },
  {
    "start": 489.86,
    "end": 490.24,
    "text": "Billions."
  },
  {
    "start": 490.62,
    "end": 492.12,
    "text": "and if those dead cells were just left"
  },
  {
    "start": 492.16,
    "end": 492.7,
    "text": "to rupture"
  },
  {
    "start": 493.06,
    "end": 495.68,
    "text": "they would spill their intracellular contents everywhere."
  },
  {
    "start": 495.84,
    "end": 496.0,
    "text": "And that"
  },
  {
    "start": 496.12,
    "end": 496.76,
    "text": "bad I assume"
  },
  {
    "start": 497.12,
    "end": 497.62,
    "text": "Very bad."
  },
  {
    "start": 498.02,
    "end": 501.8,
    "text": "Those contents act as danger-associated molecular patterns, or DAMPs."
  },
  {
    "start": 502.16,
    "end": 505.96,
    "text": "if they spilled out it would trigger massive chronic inflammation throughout your whole body."
  },
  {
    "start": 506.22,
    "end": 506.56,
    "text": "Oh wow."
  },
  {
    "start": 507.1,
    "end": 510.5,
    "text": "So to prevent that we have tissue resident macrophages."
  },
  {
    "start": 510.58,
    "end": 510.76,
    "text": "Yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 511.0,
    "end": 512.419,
    "text": "They are constantly patrolling"
  },
  {
    "start": 512.679,
    "end": 512.9,
    "text": "Right!"
  },
  {
    "start": 513.059,
    "end": 519.12,
    "text": "They're patrolling and golfing And digesting these apoptotic cells in just staggering numbers."
  },
  {
    "start": 519.62,
    "end": 524.76,
    "text": "It is this relentless microscopic garbage collection algorithm running entirely In the background"
  },
  {
    "start": 525.18,
    "end": 528.96,
    "text": "And the really crucial mechanism here isn't just the ingestion of dead cells."
  },
  {
    "start": 529.48,
    "end": 531.6,
    "text": "It's chemical signaling that accompanies it!"
  },
  {
    "start": 531.7,
    "end": 531.74,
    "text": "The"
  },
  {
    "start": 532.0,
    "end": 532.66,
    "text": "signalling?"
  },
  {
    "start": 533.04,
    "end": 533.18,
    "text": "How"
  },
  {
    "start": 533.38,
    "end": 533.5,
    "text": "so?!"
  },
  {
    "start": 534.02,
    "end": 542.38,
    "text": "Well, when a macrophage clears an apoptotic cell... ...it actively secretes anti-inflammatory cytokines—things like TGFbeta and Interleukin-Ten."
  },
  {
    "start": 542.52,
    "end": 544.74,
    "text": "Okay…so its not cleaning up but communicating?"
  },
  {
    "start": 545.18,
    "end": 545.62,
    "text": "Exactly!!"
  },
  {
    "start": 546.44,
    "end": 552.84,
    "text": "It isnt' just passively quiet – it is actively broadcasting this signal which basically says stand down everything is fine."
  },
  {
    "start": 553.26,
    "end": 555.46,
    "text": "do not initiate an inflammatory response."
  },
  {
    "start": 556.64,
    "end": 559.08,
    "text": "That is a phenomenal parallel to our source text."
  },
  {
    "start": 559.3,
    "end": 559.6,
    "text": "Isn't it?"
  },
  {
    "start": 559.96,
    "end": 563.22,
    "text": "Yeah, because the silence of the blank page isn't just an absence of ink."
  },
  {
    "start": 563.68,
    "end": 566.66,
    "text": "if we treat as artistic representation of homeostasis."
  },
  {
    "start": 567.12,
    "end": 569.28,
    "text": "The blank space itself is TGF beta."
  },
  {
    "start": 569.52,
    "end": 570.28,
    "text": "Oh I love that!"
  },
  {
    "start": 570.34,
    "end": 573.04,
    "text": "The blank spaces act as suppression of noise Right...the"
  },
  {
    "start": 573.16,
    "end": 575.4,
    "text": "author isn't failing to provide information."
  },
  {
    "start": 575.5,
    "end": 579.02,
    "text": "they are providing structural representation of healthy biological state."
  },
  {
    "start": 579.5,
    "end": 582.98,
    "text": "We actually see same active silencing in adaptive immune system too."
  },
  {
    "start": 583.36,
    "end": 585.04,
    "text": "Oh really, with which cells?"
  },
  {
    "start": 585.14,
    "end": 586.84,
    "text": "With regulatory T-cells or trex."
  },
  {
    "start": 587.5,
    "end": 591.44,
    "text": "The immune system generates these vast repertoires of T-Cells right like"
  },
  {
    "start": 591.48,
    "end": 593.3,
    "text": "the ones that target specific antigens."
  },
  {
    "start": 593.8,
    "end": 598.92,
    "text": "Yeah but some of them inevitably possess receptors that recognize our own healthy tissue."
  },
  {
    "start": 599.04,
    "end": 601.06,
    "text": "oh That's where autoimmune diseases come from"
  },
  {
    "start": 601.16,
    "end": 601.7,
    "text": "exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 602.12,
    "end": 607.22,
    "text": "if left unchecked those autoreactive cells would cause devastating Autoimmune Diseases."
  },
  {
    "start": 607.92,
    "end": 611.02,
    "text": "so Trigs are constantly policing the periphery."
  },
  {
    "start": 611.1,
    "end": 611.94,
    "text": "Just shutting them down?"
  },
  {
    "start": 612.04,
    "end": 612.26,
    "text": "Shutting"
  },
  {
    "start": 612.3,
    "end": 618.16,
    "text": "them down through contact-dependent suppression and metabolic disruption, they force the rogue cells into submission."
  },
  {
    "start": 618.7,
    "end": 623.4,
    "text": "So a healthy body is actually like...a Mexican standoff of incredible proportions."
  },
  {
    "start": 623.48,
    "end": 626.64,
    "text": "That's slightly terrifying but very accurate way to put it"
  },
  {
    "start": 626.82,
    "end": 634.32,
    "text": "It's millions of lethal cells being constantly suppressed by complex regulatory networks just to maintain an illusion of perfect stillness."
  },
  {
    "start": 634.5,
    "end": 644.9,
    "text": "Yes We experience health as blank page but biologically that blankness costs an immense amount of ATP and constant cellular surveillance."
  },
  {
    "start": 645.26,
    "end": 651.7,
    "text": "Which really brings a profound weight to the three words we do actually have in the document, immune system explained?"
  },
  {
    "start": 652.0,
    "end": 652.36,
    "text": "It does."
  },
  {
    "start": 652.66,
    "end": 658.64,
    "text": "by presenting a void The document strips away all the chaotic pathological noise of biology"
  },
  {
    "start": 658.9,
    "end": 663.68,
    "text": "All the cascading failures...the aggressive immune responses pharmacology."
  },
  {
    "start": 664.04,
    "end": 667.72,
    "text": "It strips all that away and leaves us solely with the architecture of health."
  },
  {
    "start": 668.16,
    "end": 672.44,
    "text": "it's an explanation to this system ultimate goal rather than its mechanical struggles."
  },
  {
    "start": 672.72,
    "end": 682.4,
    "text": "Okay, let's push further into how we actually communicate these complex realities because this minimalist approach highlights a really massive flaw in how we usually learn"
  },
  {
    "start": 682.56,
    "end": 684.34,
    "text": "A flaw on traditional education you mean?"
  },
  {
    "start": 685.02,
    "end": 696.42,
    "text": "Yeah We rely heavily on representations...we rely on these diagrams where B cells look like little Y-shaped grappling hooks and macrophages I don't know, amorphous blobs with googly eyes."
  },
  {
    "start": 696.52,
    "end": 696.58,
    "text": "You"
  },
  {
    "start": 696.66,
    "end": 700.34,
    "text": "are venturing right into the territory of structural linguistics and semiotics now."
  },
  {
    "start": 700.52,
    "end": 701.06,
    "text": "Semiotics?"
  },
  {
    "start": 701.1,
    "end": 701.52,
    "text": "Let's go there!"
  },
  {
    "start": 701.84,
    "end": 707.74,
    "text": "Ferdinand de Socier, The Swiss Linguist revolutionized how we understand language by basically separating"
  },
  {
    "start": 709.86,
    "end": 711.78,
    "text": "Okay, signifier and signify."
  },
  {
    "start": 711.86,
    "end": 714.28,
    "text": "The signifier is the word or image right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 714.32,
    "end": 714.54,
    "text": "Correct!"
  },
  {
    "start": 714.76,
    "end": 718.08,
    "text": "And the signified is actually concept of object in reality."
  },
  {
    "start": 718.74,
    "end": 723.78,
    "text": "So Sira argued that relationship between two is entirely arbitrary"
  },
  {
    "start": 724.02,
    "end": 727.0,
    "text": "Which perfectly aligns with René Magritte's surrealist painting."
  },
  {
    "start": 727.1,
    "end": 728.62,
    "text": "You know the one the treachery of images."
  },
  {
    "start": 728.86,
    "end": 729.68,
    "text": "Oh the pipe-painting."
  },
  {
    "start": 729.74,
    "end": 729.88,
    "text": "Yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 730.3,
    "end": 732.88,
    "text": "It was this hyper realistic painting a smoking pipe."
  },
  {
    "start": 733.24,
    "end": 736.32,
    "text": "Right below it he painted the phrase Ceciene Pab & Peep."
  },
  {
    "start": 736.62,
    "end": 737.04,
    "text": "This Is Not A"
  },
  {
    "start": 737.1,
    "end": 739.1,
    "text": "Pipe It always messes with people's heads."
  },
  {
    "start": 739.2,
    "end": 739.64,
    "text": "Totally!"
  },
  {
    "start": 740.12,
    "end": 749.2,
    "text": "Magritte was aggressively pointing out that a two-dimensional representation of an object made of oil and canvas lacks all the physical properties of the object itself."
  },
  {
    "start": 749.28,
    "end": 749.32,
    "text": "You"
  },
  {
    "start": 749.36,
    "end": 750.44,
    "text": "can't pack it with tobacco"
  },
  {
    "start": 750.58,
    "end": 753.74,
    "text": "Exactly, you can't smoke it...it is not a pipe..It'a painting of a pipe."
  },
  {
    "start": 754.08,
    "end": 761.06,
    "text": "Alfred Krozitzky distilled this concept into really famous maxim The map Is Not The Territory"
  },
  {
    "start": 761.3,
    "end": 762.64,
    "text": "The map isn't the territory."
  },
  {
    "start": 762.86,
    "end": 763.42,
    "text": "I love that."
  },
  {
    "start": 763.84,
    "end": 765.84,
    "text": "Its so true especially in science."
  },
  {
    "start": 766.56,
    "end": 768.4,
    "text": "Our biological textbooks are just maps."
  },
  {
    "start": 769.16,
    "end": 774.22,
    "text": "The word macrophage is a signifier, it literally translates from Greek as big eater."
  },
  {
    "start": 774.76,
    "end": 775.38,
    "text": "Big Eater?"
  },
  {
    "start": 775.86,
    "end": 779.86,
    "text": "That's um...a pretty brutal oversimplification isn't it?"
  },
  {
    "start": 780.0,
    "end": 780.62,
    "text": "Extremely"
  },
  {
    "start": 780.7,
    "end": 780.94,
    "text": "brutal!"
  },
  {
    "start": 781.04,
    "end": 788.16,
    "text": "It's a highly complex antigen-presenting cell that orchestrates massive portions of the adaptive immune response."
  },
  {
    "start": 789.18,
    "end": 790.34,
    "text": "but we call this a big eater."
  },
  {
    "start": 790.9,
    "end": 792.96,
    "text": "But wait, maps are undeniably useful."
  },
  {
    "start": 793.24,
    "end": 793.98,
    "text": "Of course they're!"
  },
  {
    "start": 794.18,
    "end": 801.06,
    "text": "I mean if i drop you in the middle of a dense forest You really want to map even If the map is just ink on paper and not the actual trees."
  },
  {
    "start": 801.32,
    "end": 802.86,
    "text": "Naturally...you need to know where your going"
  },
  {
    "start": 803.02,
    "end": 803.24,
    "text": "Right."
  },
  {
    "start": 803.7,
    "end": 810.78,
    "text": "A textbook despite it's linguistic limitations Provides navigational tools necessary To understand the forests human physiology."
  },
  {
    "start": 810.96,
    "end": 812.76,
    "text": "Without that map you have chaos."
  },
  {
    "start": 812.96,
    "end": 817.66,
    "text": "Maps are absolutely usefull for navigation yes but They inherently distort reality."
  },
  {
    "start": 818.02,
    "end": 819.14,
    "text": "To achieve utility."
  },
  {
    "start": 819.3,
    "end": 820.1,
    "text": "Distort at how?"
  },
  {
    "start": 820.8,
    "end": 823.4,
    "text": "Well, a map must exclude data to be readable."
  },
  {
    "start": 823.94,
    "end": 827.1,
    "text": "If a map showed every single blade of grass it would be useless."
  },
  {
    "start": 827.6,
    "end": 829.98,
    "text": "Furthermore maps create artificial boundaries Oh"
  },
  {
    "start": 830.28,
    "end": 833.1,
    "text": "like drawing lines between countries that don't exist physically"
  },
  {
    "start": 833.38,
    "end": 833.92,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 834.62,
    "end": 842.6,
    "text": "and in a textbook we separate the immune system into its own distinct chapter completely isolated from say The endocrine system or the nervous system."
  },
  {
    "start": 843.04,
    "end": 843.3,
    "text": "ah?"
  },
  {
    "start": 843.6,
    "end": 845.04,
    "text": "The silo effect of education."
  },
  {
    "start": 845.34,
    "end": 852.36,
    "text": "yes We study the immune systems as if this standalone discrete organ Like a liver sitting on a surgical tray,"
  },
  {
    "start": 852.6,
    "end": 853.98,
    "text": "which couldn't be further from the truth."
  },
  {
    "start": 854.26,
    "end": 858.74,
    "text": "Right because in reality It's a completely distributed fluid network."
  },
  {
    "start": 858.96,
    "end": 861.12,
    "text": "it's inextricably linked to our neurochemistry."
  },
  {
    "start": 861.26,
    "end": 861.58,
    "text": "deeply"
  },
  {
    "start": 861.68,
    "end": 861.88,
    "text": "length"
  },
  {
    "start": 862.02,
    "end": 867.9,
    "text": "like chronic psychological stress elevates cortisol Which directly suppresses immune function"
  },
  {
    "start": 868.16,
    "end": 869.56,
    "text": "and the gut microbiome dictates?"
  },
  {
    "start": 869.62,
    "end": 871.3,
    "text": "The development of her mucosal immunity."
  },
  {
    "start": 871.44,
    "end": 874.98,
    "text": "exactly that boundaries we draw in textbooks are entirely fictional"
  },
  {
    "start": 875.2,
    "end": 876.96,
    "text": "which is precisely the danger of the map."
  },
  {
    "start": 877.64,
    "end": 884.84,
    "text": "By relying on these highly detailed siloed representations, we risk mistaking the pedagogical structure for biological reality."
  },
  {
    "start": 885.08,
    "end": 888.88,
    "text": "We start believing that the immune system is literally just a mechanical flowchart..."
  },
  {
    "start": 889.22,
    "end": 889.44,
    "text": "We do!"
  },
  {
    "start": 890.54,
    "end": 894.94,
    "text": "But The Void presented by our source document completely shatters that illusion."
  },
  {
    "start": 895.52,
    "end": 897.28,
    "text": "It refuses to draw map at all."
  },
  {
    "start": 897.5,
    "end": 904.04,
    "text": "Yes it refuses give you a simplified two-dimensional model of multi dimensional distributed network."
  },
  {
    "start": 904.42,
    "end": 907.6,
    "text": "Its practicing like epistemological humility."
  },
  {
    "start": 907.96,
    "end": 909.94,
    "text": "Epistemological Humility, that's a great phrase."
  },
  {
    "start": 910.3,
    "end": 910.7,
    "text": "Thanks!"
  },
  {
    "start": 911.58,
    "end": 918.08,
    "text": "It is acknowledging any mechanical explanation it could provide would be fundamentally flawed and outdated within decades."
  },
  {
    "start": 918.14,
    "end": 923.0,
    "text": "Oh easily Medical literature is essentially a graveyard of superseded paradigms."
  },
  {
    "start": 923.08,
    "end": 923.46,
    "text": "Really?"
  },
  {
    "start": 923.78,
    "end": 924.5,
    "text": "A graveyard!"
  },
  {
    "start": 924.68,
    "end": 940.22,
    "text": "Think about it, our current understanding of major histocompatibility complex or MHC class I molecules and how they present intracellular peptides to cytotoxic T-cells... It's light years ahead what we knew fifty years ago"
  },
  {
    "start": 940.7,
    "end": 942.12,
    "text": "And i'm guessing fifty from now."
  },
  {
    "start": 942.3,
    "end": 944.18,
    "text": "Our current models will look pretty quaint too."
  },
  {
    "start": 944.4,
    "end": 945.74,
    "text": "They'll look downright primitive."
  },
  {
    "start": 946.1,
    "end": 947.16,
    "text": "data is transient."
  },
  {
    "start": 947.4,
    "end": 950.06,
    "text": "But the silence of homeostasis is permanent?"
  },
  {
    "start": 950.28,
    "end": 950.8,
    "text": "Exactly!"
  },
  {
    "start": 950.94,
    "end": 962.94,
    "text": "A document that relies on specific mechanistic pathways will eventually be proven wrong, but this document uses a completely blank page to represent the invisible integrated nature of a healthy system."
  },
  {
    "start": 963.38,
    "end": 965.72,
    "text": "it achieves a kind-of bulletproof immortality."
  },
  {
    "start": 965.92,
    "end": 966.3,
    "text": "Bullet proof"
  },
  {
    "start": 966.38,
    "end": 973.28,
    "text": "immortality yeah because it never commits to a specific temporal scientific model... It can never be scientifically debunked."
  },
  {
    "start": 973.66,
    "end": 974.58,
    "text": "That's honestly brilliant."
  },
  {
    "start": 974.64,
    "end": 977.84,
    "text": "It forces a rationalist approach rather than an empirical one?"
  },
  {
    "start": 978.24,
    "end": 983.2,
    "text": "Yes, empiricism relies on observation and sensory experience."
  },
  {
    "start": 983.72,
    "end": 988.74,
    "text": "you know looking at the cells under a microscope charting this specific pathways And rationalism."
  },
  {
    "start": 988.82,
    "end": 999.34,
    "text": "rationalism which was championed by philosophers like Descartes argues that fundamental truths can be deduced through reason and intellectual intuition completely independent of sensory data."
  },
  {
    "start": 999.88,
    "end": 1006.06,
    "text": "okay so By removing the empirical data, the microscopic imagery that clinical trial statistics."
  },
  {
    "start": 1006.42,
    "end": 1009.78,
    "text": "The text demands we use our own rational faculties."
  },
  {
    "start": 1010.0,
    "end": 1013.52,
    "text": "We have to deduce the nature of immune system from first principles."
  },
  {
    "start": 1013.72,
    "end": 1013.96,
    "text": "Right"
  },
  {
    "start": 1014.38,
    "end": 1023.24,
    "text": "If a systems primary directive is to neutralize threats without disrupting host normal function then optimal state-of-the-art system is completely undetectable"
  },
  {
    "start": 1023.4,
    "end": 1024.079,
    "text": "Undetectible"
  },
  {
    "start": 1024.68,
    "end": 1025.06,
    "text": "silent."
  },
  {
    "start": 1025.18,
    "end": 1029.96,
    "text": "And coming to that realization requires a tremendous amount of intellectual heavy lifting from the reader,"
  },
  {
    "start": 1030.18,
    "end": 1038.88,
    "text": "it really does which is fascinating because we are so conditioned to equate learning with the arduous extraction of facts from dense material."
  },
  {
    "start": 1039.28,
    "end": 1042.38,
    "text": "We want to struggle through a thick textbook to feel like we're learning"
  },
  {
    "start": 1042.78,
    "end": 1045.079,
    "text": "exactly in cognitive psychology."
  },
  {
    "start": 1045.3,
    "end": 1048.62,
    "text": "This is known as cognitive load theory was developed by John Sweller."
  },
  {
    "start": 1049.06,
    "end": 1058.02,
    "text": "Let's break that down, because I think understanding cognitive load is the absolute key to figuring out why a three-word document feels so uniquely frustrating at first glance."
  },
  {
    "start": 1058.22,
    "end": 1062.46,
    "text": "Okay... So, Sweller divided cognitive load into three specific types?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1062.74,
    "end": 1063.18,
    "text": "Three types!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1063.22,
    "end": 1063.82,
    "text": "What's the first one?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1064.18,
    "end": 1069.1,
    "text": "First is intrinsic load—that's the inherent difficulty of the subject matter itself."
  },
  {
    "start": 1072.34,
    "end": 1076.16,
    "text": "of the complement system, that has a naturally high intrinsic load."
  },
  {
    "start": 1076.22,
    "end": 1076.44,
    "text": "Yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 1076.76,
    "end": 1078.7,
    "text": "exactly it's just inherently complicated."
  },
  {
    "start": 1079.02,
    "end": 1083.44,
    "text": "second is extraneous load which is the way the information is actually presented to the learner."
  },
  {
    "start": 1083.92,
    "end": 1090.02,
    "text": "okay so if I have a poorly designed cluttered textbook diagram That creates a High Extraneous Load"
  },
  {
    "start": 1090.32,
    "end": 1090.86,
    "text": "Spot-on!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1091.2,
    "end": 1093.2,
    "text": "It distracts the brain from core concepts."
  },
  {
    "start": 1093.24,
    "end": 1096.1,
    "text": "you're wasting energy trying read bad diagrams Right...that"
  },
  {
    "start": 1096.14,
    "end": 1096.52,
    "text": "makes sense."
  },
  {
    "start": 1096.7,
    "end": 1097.36,
    "text": "and third type"
  },
  {
    "start": 1097.66,
    "end": 1098.94,
    "text": "The third is germane load."
  },
  {
    "start": 1099.04,
    "end": 1100.14,
    "text": "Germain load, okay?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1100.56,
    "end": 1106.14,
    "text": "This is the cognitive effort actually dedicated to processing constructing and automating new schemas."
  },
  {
    "start": 1106.92,
    "end": 1109.42,
    "text": "it's the deep productive work of connecting."
  },
  {
    "start": 1112.56,
    "end": 1119.48,
    "text": "So the goal of any good educational design is to minimize that extraneous load, so the brain can maximize the germane load."
  },
  {
    "start": 1119.64,
    "end": 1120.14,
    "text": "You've got it!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1120.22,
    "end": 1121.6,
    "text": "That's The Holy Grail Of Teaching."
  },
  {
    "start": 1121.66,
    "end": 1121.8,
    "text": "Okay"
  },
  {
    "start": 1121.88,
    "end": 1127.1,
    "text": "this is fascinating because traditional biology texts often fail miserably at this."
  },
  {
    "start": 1127.14,
    "end": 1127.3,
    "text": "They"
  },
  {
    "start": 1127.4,
    "end": 1127.74,
    "text": "really do."
  },
  {
    "start": 1128.16,
    "end": 1141.34,
    "text": "they bombard you with so much extraneous-load conflicting studies highly specialized jargon Really complex visual layouts...that your brains spends all his energy just trying to parse the sentence structure"
  },
  {
    "start": 1141.68,
    "end": 1144.62,
    "text": "leaving very little processing power for actual comprehension."
  },
  {
    "start": 1144.94,
    "end": 1152.34,
    "text": "But our source document, AmineSystemExplained followed by absolutely empty space it represents an absolute zero in extraneous load."
  },
  {
    "start": 1152.6,
    "end": 1153.22,
    "text": "Absolute zero."
  },
  {
    "start": 1153.34,
    "end": 1154.06,
    "text": "there is no jargon!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1154.28,
    "end": 1156.24,
    "text": "There are no confusing layouts...there's nothing"
  },
  {
    "start": 1156.4,
    "end": 1156.6,
    "text": "right."
  },
  {
    "start": 1156.78,
    "end": 1162.86,
    "text": "and by stripping away all that noise the document forces one hundred percent of your cognitive capacity into germane load."
  },
  {
    "start": 1163.2,
    "end": 1167.3,
    "text": "It creates this pure unadulterated environment for internal schema generation."
  },
  {
    "start": 1167.74,
    "end": 1169.0,
    "text": "It bypasses the whole."
  },
  {
    "start": 1169.3,
    "end": 1170.38,
    "text": "no pain, no gain."
  },
  {
    "start": 1170.48,
    "end": 1171.68,
    "text": "fallacy of education."
  },
  {
    "start": 1172.04,
    "end": 1179.8,
    "text": "We definitely have this masochistic belief that if our brain isn't hurting from untangling a dense paragraph we aren't learning anything!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1180.36,
    "end": 1185.44,
    "text": "...we confuse the restriction...of poor communication with actual rigor in subject matter."
  },
  {
    "start": 1185.56,
    "end": 1186.96,
    "text": "Yes That's exactly it."
  },
  {
    "start": 1187.14,
    "end": 1194.94,
    "text": "And this minimalist document proves you can trigger deep profound analytical thought without inducing cognitive exhaustion."
  },
  {
    "start": 1195.32,
    "end": 1196.02,
    "text": "It is quite elegant."
  },
  {
    "start": 1196.64,
    "end": 1200.18,
    "text": "It also brings to mind the deliberate use of negative space in other disciplines."
  },
  {
    "start": 1200.26,
    "end": 1201.04,
    "text": "Negative Space"
  },
  {
    "start": 1201.2,
    "end": 1203.3,
    "text": "Like an art, like visual arts and architecture."
  },
  {
    "start": 1203.34,
    "end": 1210.22,
    "text": "Yeah The empty space around a object is not merely background it's active component that defines this subject."
  },
  {
    "start": 1210.32,
    "end": 1211.2,
    "text": "Can you give me example?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1211.66,
    "end": 1213.44,
    "text": "Think about Japanese architectural concept of"
  },
  {
    "start": 1213.68,
    "end": 1213.76,
    "text": "MA."
  },
  {
    "start": 1214.84,
    "end": 1219.8,
    "text": "Yes It's pure intentional and meaningful void between structural elements."
  },
  {
    "start": 1220.74,
    "end": 1223.72,
    "text": "The empty space is just as important to the walls or pillars."
  },
  {
    "start": 1223.94,
    "end": 1227.8,
    "text": "Oh, I've seen that in Japanese gardens too...the spacing of rocks."
  },
  {
    "start": 1228.0,
    "end": 1228.38,
    "text": "Exactly!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1228.54,
    "end": 1229.04,
    "text": "Or a music?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1229.54,
    "end": 1232.18,
    "text": "Think about John Cage's famous composition for Forty-three."
  },
  {
    "start": 1232.48,
    "end": 1233.6,
    "text": "For the silent piano piece."
  },
  {
    "start": 1233.88,
    "end": 1239.5,
    "text": "Right…The performer sits at his piano and doesn't play single note for four minutes and thirty three seconds."
  },
  {
    "start": 1239.76,
    "end": 1241.28,
    "text": "It's complete silence."
  },
  {
    "start": 1241.5,
    "end": 1246.32,
    "text": "But the peace isn't actually silent – the MUSIC becomes the ambient sounds"
  },
  {
    "start": 1247.32,
    "end": 1248.84,
    "text": "like the coughing in the audience."
  },
  {
    "start": 1248.92,
    "end": 1259.86,
    "text": "The coughing, the hum of the air conditioning and the rustling of programs...the deliberate absence of a primary signal forces the audience to become hyper aware of background noise."
  },
  {
    "start": 1259.9,
    "end": 1261.0,
    "text": "they usually just filter"
  },
  {
    "start": 1261.12,
    "end": 1261.32,
    "text": "out."
  },
  {
    "start": 1261.74,
    "end": 1265.06,
    "text": "That is exactly that same mechanism at play here with our document."
  },
  {
    "start": 1265.4,
    "end": 1265.88,
    "text": "It really is."
  },
  {
    "start": 1266.0,
    "end": 1274.98,
    "text": "When author refuses provide the primary signal the specific biological facts, you become hyper-aware of your own internal baseline."
  },
  {
    "start": 1275.16,
    "end": 1278.5,
    "text": "You start to realize how much intuitive knowledge you actually already possess... Right!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1278.6,
    "end": 1283.12,
    "text": "About your own body's defenses about the cyclical nature of getting sick and then recovering."
  },
  {
    "start": 1283.26,
    "end": 1284.34,
    "text": "The document isn't empty."
  },
  {
    "start": 1284.74,
    "end": 1286.92,
    "text": "it is filled with ambient knowledge from a reader"
  },
  {
    "start": 1287.14,
    "end": 1293.72,
    "text": "That is just... wow we have spent this entire time unpacking a document that technically doesn't even exist"
  },
  {
    "start": 1293.84,
    "end": 1295.36,
    "text": "And yet the implications are massive"
  },
  {
    "start": 1295.7,
    "end": 1296.42,
    "text": "Truly massive."
  },
  {
    "start": 1296.52,
    "end": 1304.9,
    "text": "I mean, we've gone from Shannon's mathematical definition of information to the biochemical suppression mechanisms of macrophages Through"
  },
  {
    "start": 1305.02,
    "end": 1308.82,
    "text": "surrealist semiotics and landed squarely in cognitive load theory."
  },
  {
    "start": 1309.52,
    "end": 1310.94,
    "text": "The irony is just rich!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1311.08,
    "end": 1317.32,
    "text": "The ultimate minimalist explanation forced us to generate this highly complex multidisciplinary analysis."
  },
  {
    "start": 1317.48,
    "end": 1317.54,
    "text": "The"
  },
  {
    "start": 1317.64,
    "end": 1319.34,
    "text": "void acted as a perfect mirror."
  },
  {
    "start": 1319.76,
    "end": 1322.62,
    "text": "It just reflected our own analytical frameworks right back at us."
  },
  {
    "start": 1338.3,
    "end": 1338.34,
    "text": "The"
  },
  {
    "start": 1349.92,
    "end": 1354.08,
    "text": "ability to analyze the absence of data is an incredibly invaluable skill."
  },
  {
    "start": 1354.42,
    "end": 1356.52,
    "text": "It's a profound shift in perspective."
  },
  {
    "start": 1356.96,
    "end": 1362.7,
    "text": "You realize that as a learner you are not just some passive vessel waiting to be filled with empirical Data,"
  },
  {
    "start": 1362.86,
    "end": 1364.12,
    "text": "you aren't active participant"
  },
  {
    "start": 1364.28,
    "end": 1365.12,
    "text": "or meaning maker?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1365.6,
    "end": 1371.88,
    "text": "You bring your own biological reality and your own cognitive architecture To every single text you encounter."
  },
  {
    "start": 1371.98,
    "end": 1373.28,
    "text": "you bring yourself to the text."
  },
  {
    "start": 1373.56,
    "end": 1378.9,
    "text": "so to bring this all together I want you the listener to hold on to that image of the blank page."
  },
  {
    "start": 1379.72,
    "end": 1382.82,
    "text": "We started today talking about the bracing, you know?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1382.86,
    "end": 1386.58,
    "text": "The heavy preparation we usually undergo when trying to understand a complex system."
  },
  {
    "start": 1386.72,
    "end": 1386.78,
    "text": "The"
  },
  {
    "start": 1386.84,
    "end": 1387.94,
    "text": "coffee...the highlighters"
  },
  {
    "start": 1388.22,
    "end": 1388.42,
    "text": "Right!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1409.24,
    "end": 1411.74,
    "text": "with only immune system explained at the top."
  },
  {
    "start": 1412.38,
    "end": 1428.12,
    "text": "Knowing what you know now about."
  }
]