[
  {
    "start": 0.06,
    "end": 10.62,
    "text": "In the roughly four seconds it took you to hit play and just listen to this started a sentence, your body quietly executed about twenty million of its own constituent parts."
  },
  {
    "start": 10.84,
    "end": 10.98,
    "text": "Yeah!"
  },
  {
    "start": 11.1,
    "end": 12.4,
    "text": "Twenty million...just like"
  },
  {
    "start": 12.44,
    "end": 12.58,
    "text": "that."
  },
  {
    "start": 12.66,
    "end": 12.82,
    "text": "Right."
  },
  {
    "start": 13.36,
    "end": 21.56,
    "text": "Twenty million cells underwent programmed cell death And simultaneously another twenty million were meticulously synthesized"
  },
  {
    "start": 21.6,
    "end": 26.06,
    "text": "from scratch Just dividing and assembling themselves to replace dead ones?"
  },
  {
    "start": 26.14,
    "end": 27.12,
    "text": "It's wild."
  },
  {
    "start": 27.28,
    "end": 27.6,
    "text": "IT IS."
  },
  {
    "start": 28.26,
    "end": 40.0,
    "text": "And within every single one of the what, thirty seven trillion cells currently keeping you upright and breathing in listening to this deep dive there are roughly one billion individual chemical reactions happening."
  },
  {
    "start": 40.38,
    "end": 40.84,
    "text": "Every single"
  },
  {
    "start": 41.32,
    "end": 41.56,
    "text": "second."
  },
  {
    "start": 41.84,
    "end": 42.0,
    "text": "Yeah,"
  },
  {
    "start": 42.18,
    "end": 45.04,
    "text": "I mean the scale of the invisible labor keeping you alive is just."
  },
  {
    "start": 45.52,
    "end": 47.48,
    "text": "it's almost mathematically incomprehensible to me."
  },
  {
    "start": 47.62,
    "end": 48.3,
    "text": "Oh absolutely!"
  },
  {
    "start": 48.5,
    "end": 55.48,
    "text": "It totally shatters our standard perception of like time and space because we tend to view our bodies as these solid static monuments right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 55.6,
    "end": 57.86,
    "text": "Exactly a leg is a leg A heart is a heart"
  },
  {
    "start": 58.18,
    "end": 58.42,
    "text": "Right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 58.72,
    "end": 66.86,
    "text": "We don't naturally feel the furious microscopic storm of chemical activity that is actually required to maintain The illusion of"
  },
  {
    "start": 68.74,
    "end": 69.18,
    "text": "solidity."
  },
  {
    "start": 69.46,
    "end": 77.28,
    "text": "That's a great way to put it, which I guess brings us To the bizarre and incredibly stark challenge we are tackling today for you"
  },
  {
    "start": 77.86,
    "end": 78.16,
    "text": "listener."
  },
  {
    "start": 78.38,
    "end": 79.34,
    "text": "Yeah this one as well."
  },
  {
    "start": 79.4,
    "end": 80.26,
    "text": "It definitely unique"
  },
  {
    "start": 80.58,
    "end": 89.5,
    "text": "really is usually the source materials we receive these deep dives or exhaustive like Reams of data, sprawling scientific papers."
  },
  {
    "start": 89.9,
    "end": 91.84,
    "text": "Centuries of compiled research."
  },
  {
    "start": 91.88,
    "end": 92.08,
    "text": "Gas"
  },
  {
    "start": 92.26,
    "end": 93.66,
    "text": "of stacks of information."
  },
  {
    "start": 93.76,
    "end": 93.94,
    "text": "Right"
  },
  {
    "start": 94.26,
    "end": 99.04,
    "text": "but today the custom tailored source material we've been handed is basically an informational vacuum."
  },
  {
    "start": 99.28,
    "end": 100.28,
    "text": "It's practically nothing."
  },
  {
    "start": 100.38,
    "end": 102.84,
    "text": "it as a document fragment that has exactly six words long."
  },
  {
    "start": 103.56,
    "end": 106.64,
    "text": "Six words and I will quote The entirety of the text for you right here."
  },
  {
    "start": 106.74,
    "end": 109.56,
    "text": "quote excerpts from How Cells Work?"
  },
  {
    "start": 110.36,
    "end": 117.8,
    "text": "A completely minimalist prompt I mean it strips away all the data and leaves us staring at nothing but the foundational premise of biological inquiry itself."
  },
  {
    "start": 118.02,
    "end": 123.32,
    "text": "I have to admit my initial reaction was pure confusion, iI was like are we supposed to analyze a blank page here?"
  },
  {
    "start": 123.76,
    "end": 124.08,
    "text": "I know!"
  },
  {
    "start": 124.22,
    "end": 125.68,
    "text": "It feels like a trick question at"
  },
  {
    "start": 125.76,
    "end": 126.14,
    "text": "first."
  },
  {
    "start": 126.32,
    "end": 132.4,
    "text": "But you know sitting with that just looking at those six words The intent actually becomes incredibly clear...It"
  },
  {
    "start": 132.48,
    "end": 133.42,
    "text": "really does..The"
  },
  {
    "start": 133.52,
    "end": 137.24,
    "text": "mission today isn't to walk you through a textbook table of contents."
  },
  {
    "start": 138.06,
    "end": 142.84,
    "text": "We aren't going to just list off the parts of a cell like we're taking inventory in warehouse or something."
  },
  {
    "start": 142.92,
    "end": 143.2,
    "text": "Right,"
  },
  {
    "start": 143.3,
    "end": 144.88,
    "text": "because that would miss the point entirely"
  },
  {
    "start": 144.98,
    "end": 145.46,
    "text": "Exactly!"
  },
  {
    "start": 145.9,
    "end": 154.12,
    "text": "Instead were using this tiny semantic fragment To unpack profound philosophical and mechanical weight Of the phrase itself."
  },
  {
    "start": 154.98,
    "end": 162.14,
    "text": "Like What does this sheer desire to understand how cells work actually reveal about how we interact with the living universe?"
  },
  {
    "start": 162.36,
    "end": 163.36,
    "text": "It's all about the brevity."
  },
  {
    "start": 163.7,
    "end": 166.0,
    "text": "The brevity is a forced perspective shift"
  },
  {
    "start": 166.2,
    "end": 167.78,
    "text": "A force perspective, I like that."
  },
  {
    "start": 167.84,
    "end": 168.74,
    "text": "what do you mean by that?"
  },
  {
    "start": 168.8,
    "end": 169.18,
    "text": "exactly?"
  },
  {
    "start": 169.32,
    "end": 169.44,
    "text": "well"
  },
  {
    "start": 169.88,
    "end": 180.06,
    "text": "By deliberately withholding the actual text of these supposed excerpts the source material forces us To look at the framing of the knowledge right rather than just you know memorizing the knowledge itself."
  },
  {
    "start": 180.6,
    "end": 181.04,
    "text": "Oh, I see."
  },
  {
    "start": 181.34,
    "end": 189.2,
    "text": "It's like imagine someone hands you the torn-off cardboard cover of an intricate thousand page instruction manual for a highly advanced spacecraft?"
  },
  {
    "start": 189.32,
    "end": 190.6,
    "text": "Yeah that's perfect analogy!"
  },
  {
    "start": 190.72,
    "end": 190.76,
    "text": "And"
  },
  {
    "start": 190.8,
    "end": 195.26,
    "text": "the cover just says how this ship flies... We don't have the schematics inside."
  },
  {
    "start": 195.98,
    "end": 197.98,
    "text": "The challenge isn't to read the manual."
  },
  {
    "start": 213.1,
    "end": 219.86,
    "text": "How something works rather than just noting that it exists, That's the crucial defining threshold in human cognition."
  },
  {
    "start": 220.08,
    "end": 220.78,
    "text": "The turning point?"
  },
  {
    "start": 220.86,
    "end": 221.06,
    "text": "Right!"
  },
  {
    "start": 221.4,
    "end": 222.7,
    "text": "It is a precise moment."
  },
  {
    "start": 222.76,
    "end": 226.38,
    "text": "we move from passive observation to active reverse engineering."
  },
  {
    "start": 226.56,
    "end": 230.3,
    "text": "I mean for centuries biology was purely observational wasn't..."
  },
  {
    "start": 230.34,
    "end": 230.62,
    "text": "Totally."
  },
  {
    "start": 230.82,
    "end": 233.64,
    "text": "We saw shapes, we categorized them and drew pictures."
  },
  {
    "start": 233.9,
    "end": 239.2,
    "text": "But when someone wrote down how cells work They were declaring something entirely new."
  },
  {
    "start": 240.58,
    "end": 243.0,
    "text": "The microscopic world is a decipherable machine."
  },
  {
    "start": 243.34,
    "end": 247.88,
    "text": "Yes, governed by physical laws that we can actually unspool and understand."
  },
  {
    "start": 248.08,
    "end": 249.22,
    "text": "it's huge leap!"
  },
  {
    "start": 249.84,
    "end": 258.0,
    "text": "So let us pull out the magnifying glass to look at this first word of this tiny fragment... The text explicitly identifies itself as excerpts."
  },
  {
    "start": 258.38,
    "end": 262.68,
    "text": "And concept of an excerpt in scientific literature is just loaded with massive implications."
  },
  {
    "start": 262.96,
    "end": 263.32,
    "text": "How so?"
  },
  {
    "start": 263.86,
    "end": 267.44,
    "text": "Like, what does calling an excerpt actually mean for how we view the cell?"
  },
  {
    "start": 288.48,
    "end": 292.78,
    "text": "Because a reality of Frankly, just too messy for our brains to hold all at once."
  },
  {
    "start": 292.86,
    "end": 292.96,
    "text": "Ready?"
  },
  {
    "start": 293.06,
    "end": 293.5,
    "text": "Too messy!"
  },
  {
    "start": 293.66,
    "end": 293.78,
    "text": "Like"
  },
  {
    "start": 293.82,
    "end": 298.52,
    "text": "if we had the unedited version of cellular biology it wouldn't be a neat list rules."
  },
  {
    "start": 298.6,
    "end": 301.38,
    "text": "It would be in nightmare of random motion and chemical noise."
  },
  {
    "start": 301.46,
    "end": 301.74,
    "text": "Utterly"
  },
  {
    "start": 301.82,
    "end": 302.78,
    "text": "incomprehensible noise."
  },
  {
    "start": 302.88,
    "end": 302.98,
    "text": "I mean."
  },
  {
    "start": 303.04,
    "end": 304.52,
    "text": "The interior of a cell is cytoplasm."
  },
  {
    "start": 304.56,
    "end": 308.6,
    "text": "Is not some spacious orderly swimming pool where molecules politely float past one another?"
  },
  {
    "start": 308.96,
    "end": 310.02,
    "text": "Right, that's how it looks in textbooks."
  },
  {
    "start": 310.08,
    "end": 312.22,
    "text": "Just a nice clear pool of water."
  },
  {
    "start": 312.42,
    "end": 313.56,
    "text": "Yeah but thats a lie."
  },
  {
    "start": 313.78,
    "end": 316.7,
    "text": "It is an incredibly dense tightly packed gel."
  },
  {
    "start": 317.3,
    "end": 320.36,
    "text": "Its literal war zone Of brownie and motion."
  },
  {
    "start": 320.46,
    "end": 320.98,
    "text": "A War Zone."
  },
  {
    "start": 321.04,
    "end": 321.94,
    "text": "Okay paint the picture"
  },
  {
    "start": 322.0,
    "end": 322.18,
    "text": "for me."
  },
  {
    "start": 322.28,
    "end": 331.4,
    "text": "You have millions of proteins Lipids And euclidic acids Violently smashing into each other at hundreds of miles per hour Driven purely by thermal energy Hundreds"
  },
  {
    "start": 331.46,
    "end": 334.22,
    "text": "of miles Per Hour Inside a single cell."
  },
  {
    "start": 334.4,
    "end": 336.88,
    "text": "Yes It is stopathic, it's random."
  },
  {
    "start": 337.04,
    "end": 340.6,
    "text": "So when a scientist creates an excerpt they are acting as a filter."
  },
  {
    "start": 341.02,
    "end": 350.26,
    "text": "They're looking at that violent storm of molecular collisions and somehow tracing the single coherent sequence of events That actually leads to functional outcome."
  },
  {
    "start": 350.4,
    "end": 350.68,
    "text": "Wow!"
  },
  {
    "start": 351.38,
    "end": 353.92,
    "text": "They literally finding this signal in noise Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 353.96,
    "end": 363.6,
    "text": "But you know This raises serious question for me about how we learn biology By relying on excerpts by curating data down just neat linear pathways."
  },
  {
    "start": 364.4,
    "end": 366.3,
    "text": "Are we accidentally blinding ourselves?"
  },
  {
    "start": 366.58,
    "end": 367.68,
    "text": "That is a very fair question."
  },
  {
    "start": 368.08,
    "end": 372.18,
    "text": "Like, does zooming in on the excerpt give us a false sense of simplicity?"
  },
  {
    "start": 373.12,
    "end": 378.68,
    "text": "I wonder if we are actually at better position today having only the title to look at the forest rather than trees."
  },
  {
    "start": 379.1,
    "end": 381.54,
    "text": "Elaborate what you mean by the forest In this context."
  },
  {
    "start": 381.74,
    "end": 385.5,
    "text": "Well think about the standard high school or college biology experience."
  },
  {
    "start": 386.1,
    "end": 390.0,
    "text": "The moment that you entered classroom You were just shoved face first into the tree."
  },
  {
    "start": 390.26,
    "end": 390.78,
    "text": "Oh yeah!"
  },
  {
    "start": 391.2,
    "end": 392.3,
    "text": "The rote memorization"
  },
  {
    "start": 392.42,
    "end": 392.9,
    "text": "Exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 393.26,
    "end": 395.62,
    "text": "You are told to memorize the names of organelles."
  },
  {
    "start": 396.32,
    "end": 403.56,
    "text": "You memorized the exact carbon ring structures in the Krebs cycle, you memorized the spelling of the endoplasmic reticulum... Can you"
  },
  {
    "start": 403.6,
    "end": 405.32,
    "text": "forget it immediately after the test?"
  },
  {
    "start": 405.52,
    "end": 415.5,
    "text": "Right because It is incredibly easy To get so bogged down and those microscopic tedious details that you completely leave sight Of what the cell's actually trying to accomplish!"
  },
  {
    "start": 415.64,
    "end": 419.86,
    "text": "You lose the force entirely Because your hyper fixated on a bark one specific tree."
  },
  {
    "start": 419.98,
    "end": 420.18,
    "text": "Yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 420.78,
    "end": 428.34,
    "text": "So having only title today deprives us of those tedious details, it forces us to look at the macro purpose of this system."
  },
  {
    "start": 428.62,
    "end": 430.92,
    "text": "And that gets a fundamental tension in biology."
  },
  {
    "start": 431.04,
    "end": 433.06,
    "text": "reductionism versus systems thinking."
  },
  {
    "start": 433.48,
    "end": 435.6,
    "text": "Reductionism vs Systems Thinking."
  },
  {
    "start": 436.22,
    "end": 436.88,
    "text": "Break that down for"
  },
  {
    "start": 436.94,
    "end": 436.96,
    "text": "me!"
  },
  {
    "start": 437.28,
    "end": 442.06,
    "text": "Reduction is taking the watch apart and looking into gears which isn't necessary right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 442.1,
    "end": 443.38,
    "text": "You have know what a ribosome is."
  },
  {
    "start": 443.44,
    "end": 444.32,
    "text": "you need to know parts."
  },
  {
    "start": 444.82,
    "end": 450.52,
    "text": "but systems thinking is stepping back to WATCH HOW THE GEARS INTERACT TO TELL TIME."
  },
  {
    "start": 450.86,
    "end": 451.48,
    "text": "Oh, I love that."
  },
  {
    "start": 451.56,
    "end": 452.92,
    "text": "Telling time is the whole point!"
  },
  {
    "start": 453.18,
    "end": 456.96,
    "text": "Right and without the clutter of specific chemical pathways to memorize."
  },
  {
    "start": 457.0,
    "end": 459.06,
    "text": "today we are liberated from the trivia."
  },
  {
    "start": 459.68,
    "end": 463.2,
    "text": "We can evaluate the cell as a holistic integrated framework."
  },
  {
    "start": 463.42,
    "end": 470.48,
    "text": "And since we don't have the text... ...we have to rely entirely on this specific language used in that title To understand the nature of that framework."
  },
  {
    "start": 471.16,
    "end": 473.54,
    "text": "The language chosen is definitely not accidental."
  },
  {
    "start": 473.74,
    "end": 474.78,
    "text": "No it's very deliberate."
  },
  {
    "start": 474.96,
    "end": 476.96,
    "text": "The title doesn't say what cells are."
  },
  {
    "start": 477.52,
    "end": 479.76,
    "text": "It explicitly says how cells work"
  },
  {
    "start": 480.08,
    "end": 484.96,
    "text": "And there is a massive, sharp dividing line in the history of science encapsulated in that distinction."
  },
  {
    "start": 485.02,
    "end": 486.52,
    "text": "The transition from what to how..."
  },
  {
    "start": 486.74,
    "end": 487.52,
    "text": "It's a huge shift!"
  },
  {
    "start": 487.6,
    "end": 488.2,
    "text": "...it really is."
  },
  {
    "start": 488.72,
    "end": 491.66,
    "text": "What things are Is observational biology."
  },
  {
    "start": 492.18,
    "end": 493.0,
    "text": "Its taxonomy"
  },
  {
    "start": 493.54,
    "end": 493.66,
    "text": "Right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 493.7,
    "end": 493.76,
    "text": "it's?"
  },
  {
    "start": 493.8,
    "end": 498.58,
    "text": "they're early guys with their first microscopes Just looking at drop upon water and sketching little blocks."
  },
  {
    "start": 498.68,
    "end": 500.28,
    "text": "Yeah hook, loovenhook."
  },
  {
    "start": 501.16,
    "end": 504.16,
    "text": "They were explorers charting A new continent."
  },
  {
    "start": 504.78,
    "end": 510.52,
    "text": "They would look through lens See dark spot In middle cell Call it nucleus and just move on."
  },
  {
    "start": 510.98,
    "end": 512.44,
    "text": "They were making a map, basically?"
  },
  {
    "start": 512.539,
    "end": 512.94,
    "text": "Exactly!"
  },
  {
    "start": 513.0,
    "end": 514.34,
    "text": "It's a static inventory."
  },
  {
    "start": 514.7,
    "end": 519.78,
    "text": "Well... it treats the cell as a passive object—a structure to be catalogued."
  },
  {
    "start": 520.539,
    "end": 527.44,
    "text": "I always think of it like the difference between a photograph from sports car And high-speed close up video of combustion engine firing."
  },
  {
    "start": 527.82,
    "end": 529.22,
    "text": "That is a good comparison Right"
  },
  {
    "start": 529.62,
    "end": 532.26,
    "text": "Because if i hand you a photograph say this what a car is?"
  },
  {
    "start": 532.84,
    "end": 534.68,
    "text": "your understanding is purely structural."
  },
  {
    "start": 535.04,
    "end": 538.22,
    "text": "You see four wheels aerodynamic curves metallic chassis"
  },
  {
    "start": 539.68,
    "end": 541.82,
    "text": "But you know absolutely nothing about propulsion."
  },
  {
    "start": 542.04,
    "end": 543.6,
    "text": "Exactly, You don't how it moves!"
  },
  {
    "start": 544.38,
    "end": 548.24,
    "text": "but if I promise to show you a car works the photograph is completely useless."
  },
  {
    "start": 548.44,
    "end": 548.66,
    "text": "Right...you"
  },
  {
    "start": 548.7,
    "end": 549.44,
    "text": "have open hood."
  },
  {
    "start": 549.8,
    "end": 564.08,
    "text": "We had look at fuel injection systems vaporizing gasoline The spark plugs firing thousands of times minute violent controlled explosions thrusting pistons down and intricate transfer that kinetic energy into rotating driveshaft."
  },
  {
    "start": 564.38,
    "end": 566.72,
    "text": "Photographs dead...the mechanical video was alive."
  },
  {
    "start": 566.8,
    "end": 567.02,
    "text": "Yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 567.7,
    "end": 568.72,
    "text": "And by using word How?"
  },
  {
    "start": 569.3,
    "end": 574.84,
    "text": "Our six-word source material is basically guaranteeing the high definition video version of biology."
  },
  {
    "start": 575.96,
    "end": 580.42,
    "text": "Frames the cell not as a balloon filled with jelly, but is an active dynamic mechanism."
  },
  {
    "start": 580.56,
    "end": 580.6,
    "text": "And"
  },
  {
    "start": 580.64,
    "end": 589.54,
    "text": "if we extrapolate from that premise like If We try to reconstruct what The missing pages of this manual must logically contain based purely on the word how?"
  },
  {
    "start": 590.0,
    "end": 592.24,
    "text": "We know they cannot just be lists Of ingredients."
  },
  {
    "start": 592.38,
    "end": 592.94,
    "text": "no They can't."
  },
  {
    "start": 593.06,
    "end": 594.64,
    "text": "they have To Be blueprints of processes."
  },
  {
    "start": 594.7,
    "end": 596.26,
    "text": "they Have to explain mechanisms."
  },
  {
    "start": 596.48,
    "end": 597.56,
    "text": "so let's do exactly That."
  },
  {
    "start": 597.62,
    "end": 599.58,
    "text": "Let's Not Just Talk About the idea of Mechanisms."
  },
  {
    "start": 599.64,
    "end": 607.42,
    "text": "Let's Actually look at one because Saying A Cell Is An Active Mechanism Is Easy but visualizing it is incredibly difficult for most people."
  },
  {
    "start": 607.58,
    "end": 608.3,
    "text": "It really is, yeah"
  },
  {
    "start": 608.42,
    "end": 612.96,
    "text": "So what's a specific mechanical how happening inside the listener right now?"
  },
  {
    "start": 613.34,
    "end": 615.58,
    "text": "Okay let us look at intracellular transport."
  },
  {
    "start": 616.28,
    "end": 620.4,
    "text": "How does a cell move materials from one side of its interior to the other?"
  },
  {
    "start": 620.64,
    "end": 620.82,
    "text": "Okay."
  },
  {
    "start": 621.28,
    "end": 625.2,
    "text": "In what version of biology, you might just be told that proteins are transported."
  },
  {
    "start": 625.5,
    "end": 625.94,
    "text": "end-of story..."
  },
  {
    "start": 626.22,
    "end": 627.48,
    "text": "Just magical teleportation!"
  },
  {
    "start": 627.58,
    "end": 633.38,
    "text": "Right but in the how version we meet motor proteins specifically one called kinsen."
  },
  {
    "start": 633.76,
    "end": 635.2,
    "text": "Kinnis okay set the stage for this."
  },
  {
    "start": 635.62,
    "end": 636.98,
    "text": "What exactly are we looking at?"
  },
  {
    "start": 637.2,
    "end": 637.32,
    "text": "Well,"
  },
  {
    "start": 637.4,
    "end": 642.1,
    "text": "remember that densely packed chaotic gel of the cytoplasm we talked about earlier?"
  },
  {
    "start": 642.32,
    "end": 643.28,
    "text": "The war zone."
  },
  {
    "start": 643.38,
    "end": 645.24,
    "text": "Yeah...the brownie in motion nightmare!"
  },
  {
    "start": 645.38,
    "end": 655.82,
    "text": "If a cell needs to get a vital package of neurotransmitters from the center of a neuron all the way down into the synapse at the end of the axon it cannot just throw this package onto the gel and hope it floats there."
  },
  {
    "start": 656.04,
    "end": 656.14,
    "text": "Why"
  },
  {
    "start": 656.22,
    "end": 656.38,
    "text": "not?!"
  },
  {
    "start": 656.7,
    "end": 656.92,
    "text": "It's too"
  },
  {
    "start": 656.98,
    "end": 657.18,
    "text": "slow!!"
  },
  {
    "start": 657.5,
    "end": 657.54,
    "text": "The"
  },
  {
    "start": 657.64,
    "end": 660.26,
    "text": "axon can be up to a meter long on human body."
  },
  {
    "start": 660.74,
    "end": 664.02,
    "text": "hoping for random drift would take years Literally."
  },
  {
    "start": 664.26,
    "end": 665.96,
    "text": "Wow, okay so it is a highway system?"
  },
  {
    "start": 666.1,
    "end": 669.96,
    "text": "It possesses the Highway System built out of structures called microtubules."
  },
  {
    "start": 670.34,
    "end": 674.16,
    "text": "They are literal structural tracks crisscrossing this cell and kinsen."
  },
  {
    "start": 674.22,
    "end": 675.36,
    "text": "Is The Delivery Vehicle"
  },
  {
    "start": 675.5,
    "end": 676.74,
    "text": "a microscopic delivery truck?"
  },
  {
    "start": 676.86,
    "end": 677.0,
    "text": "yeah"
  },
  {
    "start": 677.36,
    "end": 680.1,
    "text": "but calling it A vehicle doesn't really do it justice."
  },
  {
    "start": 681.1,
    "end": 684.88,
    "text": "It looks an axe remarkably like a microscopic pair Of legs."
  },
  {
    "start": 686.2,
    "end": 688.58,
    "text": "Legs Yeah literally walking I mean"
  },
  {
    "start": 688.94,
    "end": 690.5,
    "text": "literally stepping one foot over the other."
  },
  {
    "start": 690.78,
    "end": 699.36,
    "text": "no Kinnison has two globular heads that act like feet binding to the microtubule track and a long tail That drags the cargo behind it."
  },
  {
    "start": 699.8,
    "end": 701.48,
    "text": "Okay, my mind is a little blown right now."
  },
  {
    "start": 701.74,
    "end": 703.64,
    "text": "But how does a molecule walk?"
  },
  {
    "start": 703.72,
    "end": 705.84,
    "text": "It doesn't have a brain it doesn't Have muscles."
  },
  {
    "start": 706.3,
    "end": 710.48,
    "text": "How do you get purposeful directional movement out of a string of amino acids?"
  },
  {
    "start": 710.9,
    "end": 713.78,
    "text": "this is where we get to the core how a cell works."
  },
  {
    "start": 713.9,
    "end": 716.78,
    "text": "It all comes down to physics and conformational changes."
  },
  {
    "start": 716.92,
    "end": 718.38,
    "text": "Conformational changes, explain that!"
  },
  {
    "start": 718.56,
    "end": 735.02,
    "text": "Okay so when a molecule of ATP which is the primary energy currency of forcefully changes the physical shape of the kinesin molecule."
  },
  {
    "start": 735.42,
    "end": 742.46,
    "text": "It literally causes a hinge in the protein to snap forward, throwing the rear foot over the front foot planting it further down the track..."
  },
  {
    "start": 742.8,
    "end": 743.2,
    "text": "Wait really?"
  },
  {
    "start": 743.6,
    "end": 749.28,
    "text": "So the chemical reaction forces the protein physically contort and that contortion results into a forward step?"
  },
  {
    "start": 749.46,
    "end": 749.98,
    "text": "Precisely!"
  },
  {
    "start": 750.28,
    "end": 751.34,
    "text": "Its'a mechanical snap."
  },
  {
    "start": 751.42,
    "end": 758.78,
    "text": "Then the old foot releases its grip A new ATP molecule binds and the shape snaps again."
  },
  {
    "start": 760.28,
    "end": 760.48,
    "text": "Step"
  },
  {
    "start": 760.56,
    "end": 765.52,
    "text": "by step, it takes roughly eight nanometer strides...and it takes about a hundred steps per"
  },
  {
    "start": 766.78,
    "end": 767.02,
    "text": "second!"
  },
  {
    "start": 767.1,
    "end": 767.94,
    "text": "That's sprinting!"
  },
  {
    "start": 768.3,
    "end": 770.78,
    "text": "It is moving very fast on a cellular scale."
  },
  {
    "start": 770.84,
    "end": 772.22,
    "text": "And there are millions of them doing this."
  },
  {
    "start": 773.06,
    "end": 785.78,
    "text": "Crudging along these molecular highways inside you right now dragging massive sacks to where they need to go, purely driven by the blind mechanical inevitability of ATP snapping their hinges forward."
  },
  {
    "start": 785.98,
    "end": 789.68,
    "text": "It's incredible and this actually brings us to an even more profound how?"
  },
  {
    "start": 789.78,
    "end": 789.8,
    "text": "Oh"
  },
  {
    "start": 790.66,
    "end": 795.56,
    "text": "yeah if Knessin relies on ATP to power its steps... Where does the ATP come from?"
  },
  {
    "start": 795.98,
    "end": 798.38,
    "text": "How did the cell manufacture this chemical battery?"
  },
  {
    "start": 799.22,
    "end": 800.5,
    "text": "I know that textbook answer for this!"
  },
  {
    "start": 801.08,
    "end": 803.2,
    "text": "The mitochondria is the powerhouse."
  },
  {
    "start": 808.38,
    "end": 809.84,
    "text": "Exactly, what is the actual"
  },
  {
    "start": 810.16,
    "end": 810.52,
    "text": "how?"
  },
  {
    "start": 810.76,
    "end": 817.12,
    "text": "The How of the mitochondria Is without exaggeration one Of the most stunning mechanical structures in all of nature."
  },
  {
    "start": 817.78,
    "end": 820.96,
    "text": "It relies on a protein complex called ATP synthase."
  },
  {
    "start": 821.04,
    "end": 821.34,
    "text": "ATP"
  },
  {
    "start": 821.54,
    "end": 822.8,
    "text": "synthases unpack that for us."
  },
  {
    "start": 822.84,
    "end": 823.16,
    "text": "ATP"
  },
  {
    "start": 823.36,
    "end": 828.46,
    "text": "Synthase isn't just an enzyme floating around it's A literal rotary motor!"
  },
  {
    "start": 829.22,
    "end": 833.38,
    "text": "An nanoscale turbine embedded In the inner membrane of the Mitochondria."
  },
  {
    "start": 833.5,
    "end": 833.88,
    "text": "Wait hold up."
  },
  {
    "start": 833.96,
    "end": 837.96,
    "text": "let me stop you there...a Rotary Motor Like a physical wheel spinning."
  },
  {
    "start": 838.12,
    "end": 839.12,
    "text": "You don't mean that metaphor..."
  },
  {
    "start": 839.22,
    "end": 840.2,
    "text": "Well, I mean it mechanically!"
  },
  {
    "start": 840.46,
    "end": 846.68,
    "text": "It consists of a rotor that spins A stator that holds the assembly in place and an axle that transfers the rotational energy."
  },
  {
    "start": 846.98,
    "end": 848.02,
    "text": "That is insane."
  },
  {
    "start": 848.16,
    "end": 848.88,
    "text": "How does this spin?"
  },
  {
    "start": 848.98,
    "end": 849.72,
    "text": "What pushes it?"
  },
  {
    "start": 850.0,
    "end": 855.46,
    "text": "The mitochondria constantly pump protons out their innermost chamber creating massive electrochemical gradient."
  },
  {
    "start": 855.88,
    "end": 860.38,
    "text": "So you have huge concentration of positively charged protons on one side of a membrane"
  },
  {
    "start": 860.46,
    "end": 864.34,
    "text": "Right And they're violently repelling each other desperate to get back inside."
  },
  {
    "start": 864.38,
    "end": 864.48,
    "text": "Like"
  },
  {
    "start": 864.56,
    "end": 866.8,
    "text": "water backed up behind a hydroelectric dam."
  },
  {
    "start": 867.18,
    "end": 869.9,
    "text": "That is exactly what it's like, Water Behind A Dam."
  },
  {
    "start": 869.98,
    "end": 873.78,
    "text": "The only way back in Is through the channel of the ATP synthase turbine."
  },
  {
    "start": 874.46,
    "end": 881.7,
    "text": "As the protons physically rush Through this Channel Their movement pushes against the subunits Of the rotor Forcing It To Physically Spin."
  },
  {
    "start": 882.24,
    "end": 886.52,
    "text": "So the flow of atomic particles Turns a microscopic water wheel Inside the cell."
  },
  {
    "start": 886.9,
    "end": 891.9,
    "text": "Yes, and as that axle spins it rotates into the lower section of the complex."
  },
  {
    "start": 892.42,
    "end": 901.94,
    "text": "The sheer mechanical rotational force of that spinning axel literally physically jams a molecule of ADP in free phosphate molecules together."
  },
  {
    "start": 902.14,
    "end": 903.4,
    "text": "It just crushes them together."
  },
  {
    "start": 903.46,
    "end": 903.88,
    "text": "Basically"
  },
  {
    "start": 903.94,
    "end": 906.44,
    "text": "it snaps chemical bond to place creating ATP."
  },
  {
    "start": 907.12,
    "end": 909.9,
    "text": "The mechanical rotation forces the chemical synthesis."
  },
  {
    "start": 910.26,
    "end": 919.74,
    "text": "So your life, my life...the listener's life right now is powered by trillions of nanoscale water wheels spinning at thousands of revolutions per minute."
  },
  {
    "start": 919.78,
    "end": 920.3,
    "text": "Trillions"
  },
  {
    "start": 920.36,
    "end": 920.58,
    "text": "of them!"
  },
  {
    "start": 920.82,
    "end": 921.24,
    "text": "Non-stop."
  },
  {
    "start": 921.7,
    "end": 923.52,
    "text": "That Is THE ULTIMATE PROMISE OF THE WORLD."
  },
  {
    "start": 923.6,
    "end": 928.84,
    "text": "HOWE If you just stop with the word mitochondria You completely miss that fact that you are running on literal turbines."
  },
  {
    "start": 929.08,
    "end": 931.94,
    "text": "You missed this visceral physical reality in your own biology"
  },
  {
    "start": 932.24,
    "end": 945.04,
    "text": "And understanding Framing that the cell is a complex network of dynamic physical machinery driven by energy, That leads us to the final and arguably most important word Of our six-word source."
  },
  {
    "start": 945.36,
    "end": 948.34,
    "text": "Right excerpts from how cells work How sells works?"
  },
  {
    "start": 948.48,
    "end": 951.92,
    "text": "We have to rigorously define what that word actually means in this context."
  },
  {
    "start": 952.06,
    "end": 953.92,
    "text": "Yeah I Have a bit of a bone to pick with this word."
  },
  {
    "start": 954.0,
    "end": 954.34,
    "text": "honestly"
  },
  {
    "start": 954.6,
    "end": 955.16,
    "text": "Why's that?"
  },
  {
    "start": 955.78,
    "end": 961.66,
    "text": "Because when the average person hears work They immediately map their own human experience onto it."
  },
  {
    "start": 961.96,
    "end": 966.34,
    "text": "We think of alarm clocks commuting, sitting at a desk taking a ditch earning a paycheck."
  },
  {
    "start": 966.5,
    "end": 968.28,
    "text": "The nine to five grind exactly."
  },
  {
    "start": 968.74,
    "end": 970.9,
    "text": "it feels like an incredibly anthropomorphic concept."
  },
  {
    "start": 971.62,
    "end": 979.04,
    "text": "are we just projecting our own societal economic ideas of labor onto these mindless microscopic blobs?"
  },
  {
    "start": 979.08,
    "end": 980.36,
    "text": "It's totally fair concern!"
  },
  {
    "start": 980.52,
    "end": 984.78,
    "text": "Like is it arrogant of us to look at SL and say ah yes its putting in the solid days"
  },
  {
    "start": 984.86,
    "end": 985.1,
    "text": "work?!"
  },
  {
    "start": 985.44,
    "end": 994.88,
    "text": "Its'a vital distinction to make honestly Teledology, the attribution of human purpose or conscious intent to non-conscious things is a very dangerous trap in biology."
  },
  {
    "start": 995.4,
    "end": 1001.18,
    "text": "Right because cells don't have a boss they do not have a work ethic They are not striving for promotion."
  },
  {
    "start": 1001.44,
    "end": 1003.28,
    "text": "Exactly so why use the word?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1003.64,
    "end": 1005.0,
    "text": "Yeah Is it just a lazy metaphor?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1005.14,
    "end": 1005.56,
    "text": "Not at all."
  },
  {
    "start": 1005.68,
    "end": 1009.44,
    "text": "It's actually the most precise term we have Provided."
  },
  {
    "start": 1009.48,
    "end": 1013.18,
    "text": "we are using the physicist's definition of work, not the economists."
  },
  {
    "start": 1013.34,
    "end": 1015.04,
    "text": "Okay... The physicists' definition?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1015.12,
    "end": 1015.56,
    "text": "What is that"
  },
  {
    "start": 1015.74,
    "end": 1016.34,
    "text": "in physics?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1016.62,
    "end": 1019.12,
    "text": "Work has a strict mathematical definition."
  },
  {
    "start": 1019.68,
    "end": 1022.4,
    "text": "Work is force applied over a distance."
  },
  {
    "start": 1022.86,
    "end": 1027.4,
    "text": "Work Is the transfer of energy from one system to another To cause a physical change."
  },
  {
    "start": 1027.5,
    "end": 1027.619,
    "text": "Oh"
  },
  {
    "start": 1027.78,
    "end": 1028.0,
    "text": "I see."
  },
  {
    "start": 1028.099,
    "end": 1030.38,
    "text": "so spinning the ATP turbine That his physical."
  },
  {
    "start": 1030.619,
    "end": 1030.72,
    "text": "yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 1030.8,
    "end": 1031.02,
    "text": "Yes"
  },
  {
    "start": 1031.359,
    "end": 1035.599,
    "text": "the kinesin molecules snapping its hinge to take a step along the microtubule."
  },
  {
    "start": 1036.38,
    "end": 1036.74,
    "text": "Physical"
  },
  {
    "start": 1036.819,
    "end": 1036.96,
    "text": "work."
  },
  {
    "start": 1037.04,
    "end": 1038.72,
    "text": "Exactly, it's thermodynamics."
  },
  {
    "start": 1038.98,
    "end": 1046.02,
    "text": "and the reason this is so philosophically staggering Is that it forces us to realize what the baseline state of life actually?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1046.619,
    "end": 1046.98,
    "text": "What do you mean?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1047.06,
    "end": 1047.92,
    "text": "the baseline State?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1048.18,
    "end": 1053.72,
    "text": "well when you are resting When your lying in bed completely still fast asleep You think you were doing nothing."
  },
  {
    "start": 1053.82,
    "end": 1058.68,
    "text": "you feel like you're at rest sure but biologically strictly speaking Rest as death."
  },
  {
    "start": 1058.78,
    "end": 1059.72,
    "text": "wait rest his death."
  },
  {
    "start": 1059.78,
    "end": 1060.38,
    "text": "explain that"
  },
  {
    "start": 1060.94,
    "end": 1062.62,
    "text": "Life is a style of non-equilibrium."
  },
  {
    "start": 1063.08,
    "end": 1066.5,
    "text": "The universe is governed by the second law of thermodynamics, right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1067.08,
    "end": 1067.44,
    "text": "Entropy."
  },
  {
    "start": 1067.86,
    "end": 1068.2,
    "text": "Entropy!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1068.52,
    "end": 1070.02,
    "text": "The tendency for things to fall apart"
  },
  {
    "start": 1070.26,
    "end": 1070.52,
    "text": "Right."
  },
  {
    "start": 1071.04,
    "end": 1076.48,
    "text": "Everything in the Universe trends toward chaos Disorder and a uniform distribution energy."
  },
  {
    "start": 1077.4,
    "end": 1083.1,
    "text": "A living cell Is highly ordered Incredibly concentrated pocket Of organized energy."
  },
  {
    "start": 1083.2,
    "end": 1083.28,
    "text": "It's"
  },
  {
    "start": 1083.32,
    "end": 1087.94,
    "text": "like an island of order In a universe that desperately wants To tear it apart And scatter its pieces."
  },
  {
    "start": 1088.26,
    "end": 1089.78,
    "text": "That's beautiful way to phrase."
  },
  {
    "start": 1090.24,
    "end": 1093.6,
    "text": "To maintain that order, to resist the relentless pull of entropy."
  },
  {
    "start": 1094.1,
    "end": 1096.16,
    "text": "The cell must constantly expend energy."
  },
  {
    "start": 1096.66,
    "end": 1098.02,
    "text": "It must constantly do work"
  },
  {
    "start": 1098.22,
    "end": 1099.14,
    "text": "Because if it stops"
  },
  {
    "start": 1099.2,
    "end": 1102.94,
    "text": "If a cell stops working even for few minutes Entropy wins!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1103.28,
    "end": 1108.92,
    "text": "The gradients collapse...the chemical balances equalize.. ...The machinery degrades.... ..The cell dies."
  },
  {
    "start": 1108.98,
    "end": 1109.02,
    "text": "So"
  },
  {
    "start": 1109.12,
    "end": 1111.88,
    "text": "the work isn't build-a product For a market?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1112.44,
    "end": 1114.54,
    "text": "The work is simply not disintegrate."
  },
  {
    "start": 1114.86,
    "end": 1116.88,
    "text": "The Work Is Survival Plain and simple."
  },
  {
    "start": 1117.28,
    "end": 1120.04,
    "text": "Let's look at another example, the sodium-potassium pump."
  },
  {
    "start": 1120.24,
    "end": 1120.72,
    "text": "Okay what is that?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1120.96,
    "end": 1124.42,
    "text": "Every cell in your body has these pumps embedded in its outer membrane."
  },
  {
    "start": 1124.94,
    "end": 1129.38,
    "text": "their job is to force sodium ions out of the cell and pull potassium ions in."
  },
  {
    "start": 1129.58,
    "end": 1129.78,
    "text": "okay"
  },
  {
    "start": 1130.18,
    "end": 1131.54,
    "text": "pumping salt back and forth."
  },
  {
    "start": 1131.66,
    "end": 1136.62,
    "text": "but this is called active transport because it is pushing these ions against their concentration ingredients."
  },
  {
    "start": 1136.78,
    "end": 1140.76,
    "text": "ah so the ions want to flow evenly to reach equilibrium."
  },
  {
    "start": 1141.0,
    "end": 1148.04,
    "text": "yes entropy wants them mixed evenly But the pump constantly shoves them back to create an electrical imbalance."
  },
  {
    "start": 1148.26,
    "end": 1149.34,
    "text": "Why does it do that though?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1149.44,
    "end": 1151.38,
    "text": "why fight The natural flow so hard?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1151.58,
    "end": 1154.56,
    "text": "because that imbalance is the resting membrane potential."
  },
  {
    "start": 1154.82,
    "end": 1156.58,
    "text": "It is basically a loaded spring."
  },
  {
    "start": 1157.48,
    "end": 1166.26,
    "text": "Without that electrical imbalance your neurons cannot fire and action potential Your brain literally ceases to function, you're heart muscles can not contract"
  },
  {
    "start": 1166.5,
    "end": 1170.22,
    "text": "So its charging the batteries Thoughts and heartbeats can happen."
  },
  {
    "start": 1170.34,
    "end": 1182.6,
    "text": "Exactly maintaining that single invisible electrical gradient is so vital That the sodium potassium pumps consume roughly one-third of all The ATP, All the energy generated by your body when you are at rest."
  },
  {
    "start": 1182.78,
    "end": 1182.9,
    "text": "Wait!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1183.1,
    "end": 1183.52,
    "text": "One third?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1183.76,
    "end": 1184.44,
    "text": "ONE THIRD!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1184.62,
    "end": 1187.26,
    "text": "One Third Of Your Body's Entire Energy Budget Is Spent."
  },
  {
    "start": 1187.34,
    "end": 1191.96,
    "text": "Just Pumping Salt Back And Forth Across A Membrane just to keep the Electrical Grid Online."
  },
  {
    "start": 1192.04,
    "end": 1192.18,
    "text": "Just"
  },
  {
    "start": 1192.3,
    "end": 1193.1,
    "text": "Fighting Entropy."
  },
  {
    "start": 1193.52,
    "end": 1195.56,
    "text": "THAT IS THE LABOR THAT IS The Work."
  },
  {
    "start": 1196.22,
    "end": 1200.32,
    "text": "It is a grueling, relentless siege against the laws of physics."
  },
  {
    "start": 1200.64,
    "end": 1205.14,
    "text": "And remember there is no central brain managing this inside-the-cell."
  },
  {
    "start": 1205.54,
    "end": 1209.1,
    "text": "it's not command and control structure where manager is barking orders."
  },
  {
    "start": 1209.4,
    "end": 1211.48,
    "text": "There are no tiny CEO in the nucleus."
  },
  {
    "start": 1211.62,
    "end": 1213.12,
    "text": "The DNA holds the blueprint."
  },
  {
    "start": 1213.22,
    "end": 1216.9,
    "text": "yes but execution of labor is completely decentralized."
  },
  {
    "start": 1217.3,
    "end": 1223.6,
    "text": "proteins pumps enzymes they all act blindly driven purely by chemical affinities electrical charges."
  },
  {
    "start": 1224.3,
    "end": 1230.18,
    "text": "Yet the aggregate result is this incredibly robust, functioning entity that resists the chaos of."
  },
  {
    "start": 1244.64,
    "end": 1247.96,
    "text": "We've basically unspooled a massive conceptual framework today."
  },
  {
    "start": 1248.06,
    "end": 1255.24,
    "text": "We really have, we've seen how the idea of an excerpt forces us to navigate this sheer chaotic reality of systems biology... Right"
  },
  {
    "start": 1255.32,
    "end": 1257.8,
    "text": "finding the linear signal in the chaotic noise."
  },
  {
    "start": 1258.16,
    "end": 1265.16,
    "text": "And we've explored how shifting from what-to-how opens up the nanoscale mechanics of life The turbines!"
  },
  {
    "start": 1265.3,
    "end": 1266.32,
    "text": "The walking proteins."
  },
  {
    "start": 1266.72,
    "end": 1274.48,
    "text": "and we recognize that word work is not human projection It's not an economic metaphor, it is a thermodynamic reality."
  },
  {
    "start": 1275.24,
    "end": 1281.36,
    "text": "The absolute requirement of constant staggering labor just to maintain the boundary between life and"
  },
  {
    "start": 1281.44,
    "end": 1281.74,
    "text": "dust.\"."
  },
  {
    "start": 1299.2,
    "end": 1301.1,
    "text": "it's a profoundly humbling exercise."
  },
  {
    "start": 1301.22,
    "end": 1311.68,
    "text": "It is, to remember that you are built of thirty seven trillion tiny brilliant machines That have literally never stopped working not for a single fraction of seconds since the moment You were conceived."
  },
  {
    "start": 1312.02,
    "end": 1315.96,
    "text": "your walking breathing universe Of relentless microscopic labor"
  },
  {
    "start": 1316.18,
    "end": 1319.12,
    "text": "shoulder The burden of entropy so that you can experience consciousness?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1319.32,
    "end": 1320.38,
    "text": "That Is perfectly said."
  },
  {
    "start": 1321.08,
    "end": 1329.16,
    "text": "but before we wrap up this deep dive I want leave you with one final thought Based on everything we've just unpacked something for you to sit with as go about your day."
  },
  {
    "start": 1329.36,
    "end": 1329.56,
    "text": "Okay,"
  },
  {
    "start": 1329.8,
    "end": 1330.26,
    "text": "what's the thought?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1331.02,
    "end": 1348.02,
    "text": "If The fundamental defining characteristic of our cells is that they work That They relentlessly follow the physical blueprints To keep the molecular machinery running and the electrical grids online What does it mean when a cell decides to go on strike ooh?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1349.1,
    "end": 1352.32,
    "text": "That Is the breakdown Of the social contract of the body"
  },
  {
    "start": 1352.58,
    "end": 1354.82,
    "text": "precisely Because we know it happens."
  },
  {
    "start": 1355.46,
    "end": 1363.84,
    "text": "What happens when a cell ignores the blueprint, stops performing its specialized labor and starts selfishly consuming energy just to divide endlessly?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1364.14,
    "end": 1364.18,
    "text": "We"
  },
  {
    "start": 1364.26,
    "end": 1365.36,
    "text": "call that cancer Right?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1365.68,
    "end": 1373.56,
    "text": "Or what happens with a cellular machinery accumulates too much damage The pump slows down, the turbines degrade And the cell refuses to die but ceases function properly?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1373.66,
    "end": 1376.94,
    "text": "We called that cellular senescence which is one of primary drivers for aging."
  },
  {
    "start": 1377.28,
    "end": 1386.44,
    "text": "Exactly When you finally grasp how cells work You are forced to stare into the terrifying, fascinating inverse of that reality."
  },
  {
    "start": 1387.08,
    "end": 1390.6,
    "text": "What happens as a whole when the invisible laborers stop working their way they're supposed?"
  },
  {
    "start": 1390.92,
    "end": 1394.26,
    "text": "It's a question that literally drives the entirety of modern medicine"
  },
  {
    "start": 1394.3,
    "end": 1395.3,
    "text": "and he is the ultimate puzzle."
  },
  {
    "start": 1395.56,
    "end": 1399.28,
    "text": "so keep wondering Keep pulling apart the machinery And we'll catch you on next deep dive."
  }
]